Abstract: A laser (22) and detector (24) integrated on corresponding epitaxial layers of a single chip (20) cooperate with on-chip and/or external optics (62) to couple light of a first wavelength emitted by the laser to a single external device such as an optical fiber (60) and to simultaneously couple light of a different wavelength received from the external device to the detector to provide bidirectional photonic operation. Multiple lasers and detectors may be integrated on the chip to provide multiple bidirectional channels.

Abstract: A single-mode, etched facet distributed Bragg reflector laser includes an AlGaInAs/InP laser cavity, a front mirror stack with multiple Fabry-Perot elements, a rear DBR reflector, and a rear detector. The front mirror stack elements and the rear reflector elements include input and output etched facets, and the laser cavity is an etched ridge cavity, all formed from an epitaxial wafer by a two-step lithography and CAIBE process.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser, in which light is emitted vertically at one end from a near 45°-angled facet, includes a second end having a perpendicular facet from which light is emitted horizontally, for monitoring. The surface-emitting laser comprises a divergence-compensating lens on the surface above the near 45°-angled facet.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser, in which light is emitted vertically at one end from a 45°-angled facet, includes a second end having a perpendicular facet from which light is emitted horizontally, for monitoring.

Abstract: A ring cavity laser has at least two facets and a mechanism is provided to produce unidirectional propagation and light emission at a first wavelength. A source of laser light at a second wavelength is injected into the cavity to reverse the direction of propagation and to produce emission at the second wavelength.

Abstract: Unidirectionality of lasers is enhanced by forming one or more etched gaps (78, 80) in the laser cavity. The gaps may be provided in any segment of a laser, such as any leg of a ring laser, or in one leg (62) of a V-shaped laser (60). A Brewster angle facet at the distal end of a photonic device coupled to the laser reduces back-reflection into the laser cavity. A distributed Bragg reflector is used at the output of a laser to enhance the side-mode suppression ratio of the laser.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor laser device capable of emitting light of selected wavelengths includes multiple ring lasers of different cavity lengths coupled in series or in parallel to a common output to produce an output beam having a wavelength corresponding to the selected ring lasers.

Abstract: A ring-type laser including a traveling wave cavity which incorporates at least first and second straight cavity sections and at least one curved cavity section. Corresponding first ends of the straight cavity sections are interconnected at a first light-emitting facet, and second ends of the straight sections are interconnected by the curved waveguide. Additional curved and straight sections can be linked to provide various ring configurations.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structures of arbitrary shape are fabricated on the surface of a substrate through a series of processing steps wherein a monolithic structure is fabricated in successive layers. A first layer of photoresist material is spun onto a substrate surface and is exposed in a desired pattern corresponding to the shape of a final structure, at a corresponding cross-sectional level in the structure. The layer is not developed after exposure; instead, a second layer of photoresist material is deposited and is also exposed in a desired pattern. Subsequent layers are spun onto the top surface of prior layers and exposed, and upon completion of the succession of layers each defining corresponding levels of the desired structure, the layers are all developed at the same time leaving the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A ring-type laser including a traveling wave cavity which incorporates at least first and second straight cavity sections and at least one curved cavity section. Corresponding first ends of the straight cavity sections are interconnected at a first light-emitting facet, and second ends of the straight sections are interconnected by the curved waveguide. Additional curved and straight sections can be linked to provide various ring configurations.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structures of arbitrary shape are fabricated on the surface of a substrate through a series of processing steps wherein a monolithic structure is fabricated in successive layers. A first layer of photoresist material is spun onto a substrate surface and is exposed in a desired pattern corresponding to the shape of a final structure, at a corresponding cross-sectional level in the structure. The layer is not developed after exposure; instead, a second layer of photoresist material is deposited and is also exposed in a desired pattern. Subsequent layers are spun onto the top surface of prior layers and exposed, and upon completion of the succession of layers each defining corresponding levels of the desired structure, the layers are all developed at the same time leaving the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A ring-type laser including a traveling wave cavity which incorporates at least first and second straight cavity sections and at least one curved cavity section. Corresponding first ends of the straight cavity sections are interconnected at a first light-emitting facet, and second ends of the straight sections are interconnected by the curved waveguide. Additional curved and straight sections can be linked to provide various ring configurations.

Abstract: A controllable, unidirectional ring laser having a reduced length includes at least one curved waveguide section, at least one partially transmitting facet, and a mechanism for producing unidirectional propagation of light within the waveguide cavity. The mechanism includes, in one embodiment, an external reflector which may be either planar or curved, in the path of emitted light from a waveguide facet. In another embodiment of the invention, the reflector is replaced by a source of light directed at the emitting facet of the waveguide, while another embodiment includes the use of an asymmetric element in the cavity. If desired, two unidirectional devices can be used selectively to produce a reversible waveguide.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structures of arbitrary shape are fabricated on the surface of a substrate through a series of processing steps wherein a monolithic structure is fabricated in successive layers. A first layer of photoresist material is spun onto a substrate surface and is exposed in a desired pattern corresponding to the shape of a final structure, at a corresponding cross-sectional level in the structure. The layer is not developed after exposure; instead, a second layer of photoresist material is deposited and is also exposed in a desired pattern. Subsequent layers are spun onto the top surface of prior layers and exposed, and upon completion of the succession of layers each defining corresponding levels of the desired structure, the layers are all developed at the same time leaving the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A ring-type laser including a traveling wave cavity which incorporates at least first and second straight cavity sections and at least one curved cavity section. Corresponding first ends of the straight cavity sections are interconnected at a first light-emitting facet, and second ends of the straight sections are interconnected by the curved waveguide. Additional curved and straight sections can be linked to provide various ring configurations.

Abstract: A semiconductor ring-type optical device having an optical cavity with at least one partially transmitting facet which serves as an emergence region for light propagating within the optical cavity has the upper surface of the cavity coated with a conductive layer which is divided into at least two segments so as to provide two separate electrodes to allow application of separate voltages to the two segments. When different voltages are applied, one segment of the laser will carry a lower current density than the other, resulting in a lower gain under the electrode having the lower voltage and causing the generated laser wavelength to experience a shift to shorter wavelengths. Accordingly, variations in the voltage applied to the two electrodes allows tuning of the laser output wavelength.

Abstract: A method for increasing the rate of transfer of web page data files having embedded data files between users of an Internet service and an Internet server. The method is implemented from a set of instructions read by a computer from a diskette. The executed method assigns a first communication channel of the computer to transfer a first data file between the server and the user. The data file is checked for the identity of embedded files, and the identity and address of the embedded files are stored in a table. The embedded files are thereafter transferred through the first communication channel and a second communication channel following transfer of the first data file. In the event that a data transfer of a file becomes stalled, an additional channel is assigned to simultaneously transfer the stalled file with the channel carrying the stalled file.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating a mail message for multiple recipients which identify to a respective recipient an attention level. A list of addresses for the recipient is created along with a mail message to be sent to all of the recipients. Appended to each address is a tag representing an attention level for the recipients. A text message is created for each of the recipients which includes the addresses and related tag. The text message and related tags are forwarded to the recipients. Each recipient displays on an electronic mail terminal a text message addressed to him. The attention level indication contained in the tag of the message is used to alert the recipient with an attention level assigned to the message for the recipient. The attention level may also be indicated by highlighting specific portions of the text in associating a tag with the recipient's address identifying for that recipient a portion of the text message to be highlighted.

Abstract: A method of forming multiple SOI wafers from a plurality of individual wafers each having a first side and a second side. The method includes forming an oxide surface on the first side on each of the plurality of individual wafers and forming a hydrogen rich region at a preselected depth on the second side on each of the plurality of individual wafers. The wafers are then bonded into a stacked configuration and heat treated to fracture the wafers at the hydrogen rich regions. This fracture forms at least two SOI wafers.

Abstract: An electrical connector or interposer for making connection in a high density device electronic environment. The connector is made of a high density array of nickel columns held in a layer of polyimide with each column extending beyond the opposing surfaces of said layer of polyimide. The connector may be used to make temporary or permanent connection to electrical contacts without alignment. Connection may be accomplished by loading forces sufficient to form either an indentation or a penetration of solder ball contacts. Contact to a single chip or a full wafer of chips is facilitated for testing.