Abstract: An electrical connection of a transfer station releasably, repeatably electrically couples with respect to a matching connection of a portable cartridge. A substrate in the portable cartridge has electrical contacts on a facing surface. In the transfer station, a matching circuitized flexible substrate has electrical contacts on a facing surface thereof, which are arranged to match the portable cartridge electrical contacts when in a face-to-face relationship. An elastomeric compression element, at the rear of the matching substrate, has individual protruding compression members contacting the rear surface and registered with corresponding individual electrical contacts. Elongated electrical contacts are registered with two adjacent individual compression members.

Abstract: A microprocessor (digital device) with microcode is incorporated in a mechanical device, having analog electrical signaling wires, to send a digital signal containing identifying data of the device to a central computer. The digital signal includes operating ranges and any other information that will allow the central computer system to recognize the mechanical device and automatically incorporate the device's operating characteristics into the total system without disruption. The digital signal is transmitted to the central computer system immediately after a power-on signal is detected by the microprocessor on board the mechanical device.

Abstract: An electrical connection of a transfer station releasably, repeatably electrically couples with respect to a matching connection of a portable cartridge. A substrate in the portable cartridge has electrical contacts on a facing surface. In the transfer station, a matching circuitized flexible substrate has electrical contacts on a facing surface thereof, which are arranged to match the portable cartridge electrical contacts when in a face-to-face relationship. An elastomeric compression element, at the rear of the matching substrate, has individual protruding compression members contacting the rear surface and registered with corresponding individual electrical contacts. Elongated electrical contacts are registered with two adjacent individual compression members.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, apparatus and software for detecting mechanical faults in tape drives. The invention is especially suited to detecting collisions against a read/write head in a tape drive that occurs during tape threading operation. According to embodiments of the invention the read/write head is located at a predetermined position with a predetermined effective holding force, and an independent position sensor that senses the position of the read/write head is used to detect collisions against the read/write head. According to embodiment of the invention the relative frequency with which mechanical faults are detected over the course of multiple tape threading operations is evaluated to determine if there is a mechanical fault in a particular tape drive.

Abstract: A servo position detector and a method for detecting and following an index position displaced at an offset with respect to an edge of a servo track, an edge comprising an interface between two dissimilar recorded servo signals. The servo track has two edges on opposite lateral sides of a middle recorded servo signal, the edges separated by a predetermined distance. A servo read element has an active sensing region which is no more than and is substantially the entire predetermined distance separating the edges, thereby.sensing no more than two of the dissimilar recorded servo signals at one of the edges. An independent position sensor senses the coarse position of the servo read element, indicating which edge or which index position is aligned with the servo read element. Logic compares the two sensed servo signals to determine the ratio therebetween, and determines an error between the compared ratio and a predetermined ratio.

Abstract: A servo system and method for calibrating servo index positions of a magnetic tape for track following linear servo edges, each servo edge comprising an interface between dissimilar recorded servo signals, the edges on opposite lateral sides of a middle servo signal. A servo loop laterally positions a servo sensor where the servo signals are at estimated ratios representing the locations of the servo edges. An independent position sensor indicates the mechanical lateral position of the servo sensor at the sensed servo edges. The servo loop repositions the servo sensor to a plurality of lateral positions at predetermined displacements from the independent position sensor sensed servo edges, and track follows at each of the predetermined offsets.

Abstract: A data storage magnetic tape uses a volume control region (VCR) that contains all of the control information for the tape. There is a large span of blank tape after the VCR region before the actual data storage region of the tape. When a tape drive spools the tape between the VCR and data storage region, the tape motion is continued past the VCR region, after the VCR region is updated, into the region of tape where there is no data of any kind. Just before reaching the data storage region, the motion of the tape is reversed and the tape is rewound into the cartridge. The portion of the tape that experiences the motion reversal is prone to be thrown such that it protrudes from the other layers of uniformly layered tape. Even if these thrown wraps are damaged, this portion of the tape has no stored data, which increases the overall reliability of the information stored on the tape.

Abstract: A data tape drive senses the ambient temperature and the relative humidity of the environment in which the tape drive is operating. The tension exerted on the data tape by the tape drive is then adjusted as a function of the temperature and/or humidity. When the tape is more rigid at low temperature/humidity, the tension is increased. At nominal temperature/humidity, a nominal tape tension is used. However, under elevated conditions a lower tension is utilized to avoid damaging the tape. The sensors also may be used to completely prohibit drive and tape operation when the tape drive is in an extreme environment that is beyond an acceptable design range. Tape acceleration profiles due to atmospheric conditions are changed based on the propensity of the tape to stick to the head.

Abstract: An electrical connection of a transfer station releasably, repeatably electrically couples with respect to a matching connection of a portable cartridge. A substrate in the portable cartridge has electrical contacts on a facing surface. In the transfer station, a matching circuitized flexible substrate has electrical contacts on a facing surface thereof, which are arranged to match the portable cartridge electrical contacts when in a face-to-face relationship. An elastomeric compression element, at the rear of the matching substrate, has individual protruding compression members contacting the rear surface and registered with corresponding individual electrical contacts. Elongated electrical contacts are registered with two adjacent individual compression members.

Abstract: A servo system and method for initializing and calibrating a track following servo for following an index servo position displaced laterally from an edge, the edge comprising the interface between two dissimilar servo signals. A servo head is moveable laterally and a servo detector determines a ratio related to the two dissimilar recorded servo signals, the ratio representing the lateral position of the servo head with respect to the edge. An independent position sensor determines the mechanical lateral position of the servo head. The servo head is nominally aligned at a lateral position at which the servo detector provides a ratio representing the edge. The mechanical lateral position of the independent position sensor is measured at the nominal alignment of the servo head. Then, the servo head is repositioned laterally the predetermined displacement distance from the nominal alignment as determined by the independent position sensor.

Abstract: Servo track positioning information is asynchronously digitally sampled from adjoining servo tracks having different servo patterns, and varies between a maximum envelope and a minimum envelope of positioning information. An envelope follower receives the digital samples, detecting and providing a maximum envelope output measuring the amplitude of a burst envelope of the maximum digital samples, and detecting and providing a minimum envelope output measuring the amplitude of a burst envelope of the minimum digital samples. A “DROPOUT” threshold detector detects the received digital samples failing to meet a “DROPOUT” threshold related to the maximum burst envelope. An “ACQUIRE” detector responds to the “DROPOUT” threshold detection, detecting the minimum envelope for the envelope detector, which provides the minimum envelope output.

Abstract: The invention provides improved flame-simulations via electronic flame simulation. In one embodiment, a microprocessor-based electronic artificial flame uses multiple LEDs that are controlled to give the appearance of flame motion (or “dance”). In one embodiment, the use of a white LED or LEDs to whiten the top of the flame and a blue LED or multiple blue LEDs to give a hint of blue at the bottom of the flame greatly improves the realism of the resulting simulated flame.

Abstract: Servo errors can be avoided in a bi-directional reel-to-reel tape transport in which magnetic tape is moved in either of two opposite directions for data recording by providing a fine-line tachometer for each reel and a directly coupled tension sensor. Control of tape speed is implemented in a servo algorithm that uses tachometer inputs to determine parameter values for generating reel motor drive currents. If the linear velocity of both reels is the same then the tension output must be within a tolerable range. The directly coupled tension output provided an is indication of the actual current of the tension sensor. The difference between the linear velocities of the tape from each reel is calculated and monitored together with the tape tension. A trip level is set when an error occurs to stop tape motion and permit recovery without damaging the tape.

Abstract: A tape cartridge assembly contains a spool of magnetic tape with a leader block on one end. The leader block inserts into take-up reel and the tape is initially wound at a higher than normal tension to create a small band of tightly wound tape on the reel. The band eliminates the effect of any mechanical distortion created by the leader block. The remainder of the tape is wound on top of the tight band at normal tension to form an outer band of distortion-free magnetic tape.

Abstract: Commutators on a direct current motor run at low speed for an extended period of time get covered with a coating that makes the interface between the commutator and the brushes unreliable especially with the low speed, low current operation. This is especially true for drive motors in a data processing tape drive unit where speed control is critical. The brush to commutator interface can be cleaned by applying a very high electrical current to the motor and varying the polarity of the current with a variable duty cycle to obtain the maximum cleaning currents in a relatively short time without dismantling the motors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the air bearing surface of a magnetic head of a tape drive by employing components of an actuator for oscillating the magnetic head against bristles of a brush assembly. Circuitry is provided which senses the appropriate time to commence the cleaning action and continues the cleaning action for an appropriate duration when the magnetic tape is off the magnetic head. The circuitry causes the actuator to move the magnetic head in oscillatory motion against stationary bristles of a brush assembly which are selectively brought into engagement with the magnetic head. The engagement and disengagement of the bristles with respect to the magnetic head are implemented by a lever arm which has camming surfaces which are engageable with a leader pin which moves a leader block and magnetic tape about a guide and across the magnetic head.

Abstract: Accurate tape servo track following is achieved by sampling servo edges at tape head alignments established with non-servo information, and processing the samples to (1) estimate optimal tape head index positioning to best align data as well as servo components, and (2) provide corrected position error signals (PESs) including a calculated error for comparison during ongoing servo track following to maintain the tape head at an optimal alignment for accurate alignment with the servo edges as well as data tracks on the tape.

Abstract: Electronic lighting devices that simulate a realistic flame are disclosed. The preferred embodiment has a plurality of lighting elements in a plurality of colors which are modulated in intensity by a control circuit with a stored program. The control program includes stored amplitude waveforms for the generation of a realistic flame simulation. The program further contains random elements to keep the flame constantly changing. The control circuit has built in power management functions that can control the mean intensity of the simulated flame based on some power management budget with the ability to measure the charge/discharge duration of the power source, when used with a rechargeable power source. The currents to the individual lighting elements are selectable from a set of discrete quantization values. Tables of amplitude modulated time waveforms are stored in the microprocessor memory, from which the real time control data streams for the individual lighting elements are synthesized.

Abstract: Servo elements contained within a tape head detect a lateral displacement the magnetic tape relative to the tape head and generate position error signals corresponding to such lateral displacement. To aid in servo monitoring, the position error signals are sampled at predetermined times and the samples output or stored in machine-readable form. Each sample is classified as bad if it exceeds a predetermined threshold. Samples are analyzed to determine, for each time a bad position error signal occurs, how many successive position error signals are also bad. Samples are also analyzed to determine the relationship between bad position error signals samples and total samples. This data may be used for a number of different purposes. For example, this information may be used to identify differences between performance on top and bottom servo edges, or problems with the servo writing mechanism. Performance variations among different servo elements may also be identified.

Abstract: A high resolution, independent position sensor is provided, having application in a magnetic tape drive and other environments in which a linear or angular position is to be monitored. Analog outputs from an inexpensive, low resolution optical encoder are processed to correct gain and offset distortions and are used as the basis for an interpolation process. If a code strip having a 127-micron grating is used, a resolution of about 0.125 microns can be achieved.