Abstract: A system includes a first, particularly mobile, unit which has a number m of function terminals, a first potential equalization terminal, which is intended to be galvanically connected to a reference potential, an energy source, a power converter, which is fed from the energy source and produces a number m of signals, a switching unit, the signals produced by the power converter being fed to the input side of the switching unit, and the output side of the switching unit being connected to the function terminals, or the input side of the switching unit being connected to the energy source and the output side of the switching unit being connected to the power converter, an insulation monitoring unit, which detects an undesired galvanic connection of a component of the system to the reference potential, and a connection monitoring unit, which monitors whether the first potential equalization terminal is properly electrically connected to a corresponding potential equalization terminal of a second unit to be conn

Abstract: A DC/DC converter includes: a first connection pole and a second connection pole, wherein a first DC voltage is applied between the first connection pole and the second connection pole; a third connection pole and a fourth connection pole, wherein a second DC voltage is applied between the third connection pole and the fourth connection pole; a first commutation cell, wherein the first commutation cell has a capacitor, a diode and a semiconductor switch; a second commutation cell, wherein the second commutation cell has a capacitor, a diode and a semiconductor switch; and a precharging circuit for precharging the capacitor of the first commutation cell and the capacitor of the second commutation cell. The precharging circuit has a precharging resistor and an actuable switching device. The precharging resistor and the actuable switching device are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A system includes a first, particularly mobile, unit which has a number m of function terminals, a first potential equalization terminal, which is intended to be galvanically connected to a reference potential, an energy source, a power converter, which is fed from the energy source and produces a number m of signals, a switching unit, the signals produced by the power converter being fed to the input side of the switching unit, and the output side of the switching unit being connected to the function terminals, or the input side of the switching unit being connected to the energy source and the output side of the switching unit being connected to the power converter, an insulation monitoring unit, which detects an undesired galvanic connection of a component of the system to the reference potential, and a connection monitoring unit, which monitors whether the first potential equalization terminal is properly electrically connected to a corresponding potential equalization terminal of a second unit to be conn

Abstract: A power converter, includes: a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal and a fourth terminal; stored-energy-source terminals, to which a stored energy source can be connected; four inverter bridge branches, which are formed from semiconductor switching devices, the inverter bridge branches each having a center tap, each center tap being assigned to one of the terminals, and the inverter bridge branches being interconnected and controllable such that electrical energy can be transferred bidirectionally between the stored-energy-source terminals and the first terminal, the second terminal, the third terminal and/or the fourth terminal; and a control unit, which is designed to control the semiconductor switching devices of the inverter bridge branches.

Abstract: A charging system has: a number of connections for connecting at least one electric energy store to be charged; a number n of at least three inverter bridges, each of which has a center tap; a number n of electric filters, wherein the input of each filter of the number n of filters is electrically connected to a respective corresponding center tap of an inverter bridge of the number of inverter bridges; a controllable assigning unit which is inserted between a respective output of a filter of the number n of filters and the number of connections and which is designed to electrically assign the output of each filter of the number n of filters to a respective corresponding connection of the number of connections depending on at least one actuation signal; and a control unit which is designed to generate the at least one actuation signal depending on a desired charge mode of the charging system.

Abstract: An electrical controller includes a housing, wherein the housing has cooling air openings on two different housing sides. A heat sink is arranged inside the housing, in particular so as to be protected against contact, and forms a cooling air channel, wherein the cooling air channel runs between the cooling air openings of the different housing sides. An electrically insulating holding element is designed to mechanically fix the heat sink inside the housing in a manner electrically insulated from the housing. A number of components to be cooled are provided, wherein the components are thermally conductively coupled to the heat sink and are held by the heat sink.

Abstract: An electrical controller includes a housing, wherein the housing has cooling air openings on two different housing sides. A heat sink is arranged inside the housing, in particular so as to be protected against contact, and forms a cooling air channel, wherein the cooling air channel runs between the cooling air openings of the different housing sides. An electrically insulating holding element is designed to mechanically fix the heat sink inside the housing in a manner electrically insulated from the housing. A number of components to be cooled are provided, wherein the components are thermally conductively coupled to the heat sink and are held by the heat sink.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter includes: a first connection pole and a second connection pole, wherein a first DC voltage is applied between the first connection pole and the second connection pole; a third connection pole and a fourth connection pole, wherein a second DC voltage is applied between the third connection pole and the fourth connection pole; a first commutation cell, wherein the first commutation cell has a capacitor, a diode and a semiconductor switch; a second commutation cell, wherein the second commutation cell has a capacitor, a diode and a semiconductor switch; and a precharging circuit for precharging the capacitor of the first commutation cell and the capacitor of the second commutation cell. The precharging circuit has a precharging resistor and an actuable switching device. The precharging resistor and the actuable switching device are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A charging system has: a number of connections for connecting at least one electric reference energy store to be charged; a number n of at least three inverter bridges, each of which has a center tap; a number n of electric filters, wherein the input of each filter of the number n of filters is electrically connected to a respective corresponding center tap of an inverter bridge of the number of inverter bridges; a controllable assigning unit which is inserted between a respective output of a filter of the number n of filters and the number of connections and which is designed to electrically assign the output of each filter of the number n of filters to a respective corresponding connection of the number of connections depending on at least one actuation signal; and a control unit which is designed to generate the at least one actuation signal depending on a desired charge mode of the charging system.

Abstract: A transformer for switched-mode power supplies includes a magnetizable core having a winding axis, at least one primary winding, which is formed by a primary winding conductor which at least partly surrounds the winding axis of the core, and at least one secondary winding, which is formed by a secondary winding conductor. The secondary winding conductor surrounds the primary winding conductor. The secondary winding is formed in one layer, and a cross section of the secondary winding conductor is rectangular, in particular square.

Abstract: An inductor includes a magnetizable core with a winding axis and at least one winding. The winding is formed by a conductor which at least partly surrounds the winding axis of the core. The winding is formed in one layer and a cross section of the conductor is rectangular, in particular square.

Abstract: A control device for an electrical device such as an electric motor is provided. The control device is designed to, when necessary, bring about a safe, torque-free state of an electric motor, in particular a field-weakened electric motor. The control device includes a safety unit which is designed to generate safety control signals.

Abstract: A circuit for pre-charging an intermediate circuit having a positive branch and a negative branch includes: a first controllable energy source, a second controllable energy source, the first control energy source and second controllable energy source being looped in series between the positive branch and the negative branch on the output side, a suppression unit, the suppression unit being looped between a connection node of the output of the first controllable energy source and the output of the second controllable energy source and a reference potential, and a controller. The controller is connected to the first energy source and the second energy source for signaling purposes and is configured to actuate the first energy source and the second energy source in order to generate an output signal pattern in order to pre-charge the intermediate circuit.

Abstract: A circuit for pre-charging an intermediate circuit having a positive branch and a negative branch includes: a first controllable energy source, a second controllable energy source, the first control energy source and second controllable energy source being looped in series between the positive branch and the negative branch on the output side, a suppression unit, the suppression unit being looped between a connection node of the output of the first controllable energy source and the output of the second controllable energy source and a reference potential, and a controller. The controller is connected to the first energy source and the second energy source for signaling purposes and is configured to actuate the first energy source and the second energy source in order to generate an output signal pattern in order to pre-charge the intermediate circuit.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a first half-bridge circuit, a second half-bridge circuit, at least one transformer having at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding, wherein the first and second half-bridge circuits are designed to generate an AC voltage at the at least one primary winding, and a rectifier circuit having an output terminal. The output terminal includes a first output terminal pole and a second output terminal pole. The rectifier circuit includes at least one rectifier element. The rectifier circuit is designed to rectify a voltage present at the at least one secondary winding and to output it at the output terminal. The rectifier circuit includes a polarity reversal protection transistor, the collector-emitter path of which or the drain-source path of which is looped in between a terminal of the at least one rectifier element and the first or the second output terminal pole of the output terminal.

Abstract: A control device for an electrical device such as an electric motor is provided. The control device is designed to, when necessary, bring about a safe, torque-free state of an electric motor, in particular a field-weakened electric motor. The control device includes a safety unit which is designed to generate safety control signals.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a first half-bridge circuit, a second half-bridge circuit, at least one transformer having at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding, wherein the first and second half-bridge circuits are designed to generate an AC voltage at the at least one primary winding, and a rectifier circuit having an output terminal. The output terminal includes a first output terminal pole and a second output terminal pole. The rectifier circuit includes at least one rectifier element. The rectifier circuit is designed to rectify a voltage present at the at least one secondary winding and to output it at the output terminal. The rectifier circuit includes a polarity reversal protection transistor, the collector-emitter path of which or the drain-source path of which is looped in between a terminal of the at least one rectifier element and the first or the second output terminal pole of the output terminal.

Abstract: An inductor includes a magnetizable core with a winding axis and at least one winding. The winding is formed by a conductor which at least partly surrounds the winding axis of the core. The winding is formed in one layer and a cross section of the conductor is rectangular, in particular square.

Abstract: A transformer for switched-mode power supplies includes a magnetizable core having a winding axis, at least one primary winding, which is formed by a primary winding conductor which at least partly surrounds the winding axis of the core, and at least one secondary winding, which is formed by a secondary winding conductor. The secondary winding conductor surrounds the primary winding conductor. The secondary winding is formed in one layer, and a cross section of the secondary winding conductor is rectangular, in particular square.

Abstract: An inverter application comprises at least one apparatus fed by an inverter (10). The determining of insulation defects is effected by way of a differential voltage of part voltages (U, U?) of an intermediate circuit (7) or the ratio of one of these part voltages (U, U?) to the total voltage of an intermediate circuit, and by way of an operating condition of the inverter (10). The monitoring of the insulation is carried out only with the means (1a, 1b, 1c, 1a?, 1b?, 1c?, 5, 5?) which are present in the inverter (10) in any case. The operating condition is set as a particular switch position in the inverter (10) by an insulation monitoring system. Alternatively, the operating condition is, while the inverter is on-line or in operation, transferred from the inverter control (9) to an insulation monitoring system for improving the quality of the monitoring.