Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for unsupervised learning utilizing at least one kT-RAM. An evaluation can be performed over a group of N AHaH nodes on a spike pattern using a read instruction (FF), and then an increment high (RH) instruction can be applied to the most positive AHaH node among the N AHaH nodes if an ID associated with the most positive AHaH node is not contained in a set, followed by adding a node ID to the set. In addition, an increment low (RL) instruction can be applied to all AHaH nodes that evaluated positive but were not the most positive, contingent on the most-positive AHaH node's ID not being contained in the set. In addition, node ID's can be removed from the set if the set size is equal to the N number of AHaH nodes.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for unsupervised learning utilizing at least one kT-RAM. An evaluation can be performed over a group of N AHaH nodes on a spike pattern using a read instruction (FF), and then an increment high (RH) instruction can be applied to the most positive AHaH node among the N AHaH nodes if an ID associated with the most positive AHaH node is not contained in a set, followed by adding a node ID to the set. In addition, an increment low (RL) instruction can be applied to all AHaH nodes that evaluated positive but were not the most positive, contingent on the most-positive AHaH node's ID not being contained in the set. In addition, node ID's can be removed from the set if the set size is equal to the N number of AHaH nodes.

Abstract: A memristor apparatus can include one or more crossbar arrays and a memory bit M cell. Furthermore, a group of select bits can be shared, wherein an enable signal for each unit crossbar among the crossbars in the one or more crossbar arrays can be generated by the memory bit M cell. In an embodiment of the memristor apparatus, each unit crossbar can share select control lines and may use row/column enable lines.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle includes one or more sensors that measures the distance to and/or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light. The sensor(s) provides sensor data indicative of one or more surface manifolds. Point data is generated with respect to the surface manifold(s). AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) based mechanism performs an AHaH-based feature extraction operation on the point data for compression and processing thereof.

Abstract: A modular lens adapter system or kit is provided for mobile anterior and posterior segment ophthalmoscopy. Equipped with various lens adapter modules, respective lenses and a mobile imaging device, a user is provided with tools for various mobile ophthalmoscopy imaging applications. Eye care practitioners can use their existing lenses to customize the modular lens adapter system in a cost-effective way, which allows for mobile and remote capture, viewing, and utilization of clinical images. The various modules are also adaptable to nearly any type of phone or tablet regardless of its dimensions or presence of a protective case. The invention also addresses the need for fewer, smaller, less expensive, and easier to use ophthalmic imaging equipment, which is further important in enabling a broad base of users.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM technology stack, two or more memristors or pairs of memristors comprising AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) computing components, and one or more AHaH nodes composed of such memristor pairs to that forms at least a portion of the thermodynamic RAM technology stack. The levels of the thermodynamic-RAM technology stack include the memristor, a Knowm synapse, an AHaH Node, a kT-RAM, kT-RAM instruction set, a sparse spike encoding, a kT-RAM emulator, and a SENSE Server.

Abstract: A modular lens adapter system or kit is provided for mobile anterior and posterior segment ophthalmoscopy. Equipped with various lens adapter modules, respective lenses and a mobile imaging device, a user is provided with tools for various mobile ophthalmoscopy imaging applications. Eye care practitioners can use their existing lenses to customize the modular lens adapter system in a cost-effective way, which allows for mobile and remote capture, viewing, and utilization of clinical images. The various modules are also adaptable to nearly any type of phone or tablet regardless of its dimensions or presence of a protective case. The invention also addresses the need for fewer, smaller, less expensive, and easier to use ophthalmic imaging equipment, which is further important in enabling a broad base of users.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM technology stack, two or more memristors or pairs of memristors comprising AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) computing components, and one or more AHaH nodes composed of such memristor pairs that form at least a portion of the thermodynamic RAM technology stack. The levels of the thermodynamic-RAM technology stack include the memristor, a Knowm synapse, an AHaH node, a kT-RAM, kT-RAM instruction set, a sparse spike encoding, a kT-RAM emulator, and a SENSE Server.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM circuit composed of a group of AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) computing circuits that form one or more kT-RAM circuits. The AHaH computing circuits can be configured as an AHaH computing stack. The kT-RAM circuit(s) can include one or core kT-Cores, each partitioned into AHaH nodes of any size via time multiplexing. The kT-Core couples readout electrodes together to form a larger combined kT-Core. AHaH Computing is the theoretical space encompassing the capabilities of AHaH nodes. At this level of development solutions have been found for problems as diverse as classification, prediction, anomaly detection, clustering, feature learning, actuation, combinatorial optimization and universal logic.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM apparatus includes a physical substrate of addressable adaptive synapses that are temporarily partitioned to emulate adaptive neurons of arbitrary sizes, wherein the physical substrate mates electronically with a digital computing platform for high-throughput and low-power neuromorphic adaptive learning applications. The physical substrate addressable adaptive synapses can be configured as a part of a memristor-based physical neural processing unit.

Abstract: A modular lens adapter system or kit is provided for mobile anterior and posterior segment ophthalmoscopy. Equipped with various lens adapter modules, respective lenses and a mobile imaging device, a user is provided with tools for various mobile ophthalmoscopy imaging applications. Eye care practitioners can use their existing lenses to customize the modular lens adapter system in a cost-effective way, which allows for mobile and remote capture, viewing, and utilization of clinical images. The various modules are also adaptable to nearly any type of phone or tablet regardless of its dimensions or presence of a protective case. The invention also addresses the need for fewer, smaller, less expensive, and easier to use ophthalmic imaging equipment, which is further important in enabling a broad base of users.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM circuit composed of a group of AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) computing circuits that form one or more kT-RAM circuits. The AHaH computing circuits can be configured as an AHaH computing stack. The kTRAM circuit(s) can include one or core kT-Cores, each partitioned into AHaH nodes of any size via time multiplexing. The kT-Core couples readout electrodes together to form a larger combined kT-Core. AHaH Computing is the theoretical space encompassing the capabilities of AHaH nodes. At this level of development, solutions have been found for problems as diverse as classification, prediction, anomaly detection, clustering, feature learning, actuation, combinatorial optimization, and universal logic.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle includes one or more sensors that measures the distance to and/or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with light. The sensor(s) provides sensor data indicative of one or more surface manifolds. Point data is generated with respect to the surface manifold(s). AHaH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) based mechanism performs an AHaH-based feature extraction operation on the point data for compression and processing thereof.

Abstract: A universal machine learning building block, comprising in some embodiments a differential pair of output electrodes, wherein each electrode comprises a plurality of input lines coupled to it via collections of meta-stable switches. In other embodiments, a methodology can be implemented in the context of hardware and/or software for deriving linear neurons implementing an AHaH plasticity rule and generating an AHaH node(s) that can include one or more such linear neurons, wherein the AHaH node(s) functions according to an AHaH rule. Some embodiments can also include an AHaH classifier and/or AHaH cluster that include one or more such AHaH nodes.

Abstract: A thermodynamic RAM apparatus includes a physical substrate of addressable adaptive synapses that are temporarily partitioned to emulate adaptive neurons of arbitrary sizes, wherein the physical substrate mates electronically with a digital computing platform for high-throughput and low-power neuromorphic adaptive learning applications. The physical substrate addressable adaptive synapses can be configured as a part of a memristor-based physical neural processing unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for feature extraction of LIDAR surface manifolds. LIDAR point data with respect to one or more LIDAR surface manifolds can be generated. An AHAH-based feature extraction operation can be automatically performed on the point data for compression and processing thereof. The results of the AHAH-based feature extraction operation can be output as a compressed binary label representative of the at least one surface manifold rather than the point data to afford a high-degree of compression for transmission or further processing thereof. Additionally, one or more voxels of a LIDAR point cloud composed of the point data can be scanned in order to recover the compressed binary label, which represents prototypical surface patches with respect to the LIDAR surface manifold(s).

Abstract: Methods and systems for feature extraction of LIDAR surface manifolds. LIDAR point data with respect to one or more LIDAR surface manifolds can be generated. An AHAH-based feature extraction operation can be automatically performed on the point data for compression and processing thereof. The results of the AHAH-based feature extraction operation can be output as a compressed binary label representative of the at least one surface manifold rather than the point data to afford a high-degree of compression for transmission or further processing thereof. Additionally, one or more voxels of a LIDAR point cloud composed of the point data can be scanned in order to recover the compressed binary label, which represents prototypical surface patches with respect to the LIDAR surface manifold(s).

Abstract: A modular lens adapter system or kit is provided for mobile anterior and posterior segment ophthalmoscopy. Equipped with various lens adapter modules, respective lenses and a mobile imaging device, a user is provided with tools for various mobile ophthalmoscopy imaging applications. Eye care practitioners can use their existing lenses to customize the modular lens adapter system in a cost-effective way, which allows for mobile and remote capture, viewing, and utilization of clinical images. The various modules are also adaptable to nearly any type of phone or tablet regardless of its dimensions or presence of a protective case. The invention also addresses the need for fewer, smaller, less expensive, and easier to use ophthalmic imaging equipment, which is further important in enabling a broad base of users.

Abstract: A modular lens adapter system or kit is provided for mobile anterior and posterior segment ophthalmoscopy. Equipped with various lens adapter modules, respective lenses and a mobile imaging device, a user is provided with tools for various mobile ophthalmoscopy imaging applications. Eye care practitioners can use their existing lenses to customize the modular lens adapter system in a cost-effective way, which allows for mobile and remote capture, viewing, and utilization of clinical images. The various modules are also adaptable to nearly any type of phone or tablet regardless of its dimensions or presence of a protective case. The invention also addresses the need for fewer, smaller, less expensive, and easier to use ophthalmic imaging equipment, which is further important in enabling a broad base of users.

Abstract: A memristor apparatus includes meta-stable switching elements and an AHAH (Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian) feedback mechanism that operates the meta-stable switching elements by controlling the electric field across the meta-stable switching elements. The meta-stable switching elements form a device with an electrical resistance. Additionally, in some example embodiments the memristor apparatus can include a synapse apparatus comprising a differential pair of memristor apparatuses including the memristor apparatus.