Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having a microporous polymer structure, and an ion exchange material forming a continuous ionomer phase within the composite membrane. The continuous ionomer phase refers to absence of any internal interfaces in a layer of ionomer or between any number of layers coatings of the ion exchange material provided on top of one another. The composite membrane exhibits a haze change of 0% or less after being subjected to a blister test procedure. No bubbles or blisters are formed on the composite membrane after the blister test procedure. A haze value of the composite membrane is between 5% and 95%, between 10% and 90% or between 20% and 85%. The composite membrane may have a thickness of more than 17 microns at 0% relative humidity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improved composite electrolyte membranes with low swelling properties, membrane-electrode assemblies and electrochemical devices comprising the improved composite electrolyte membranes, and methods of manufacturing said membranes.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having a microporous polymer structure, and an ion exchange material forming a continuous ionomer phase within the composite membrane. The continuous ionomer phase refers to absence of any internal interfaces in a layer of ionomer or between any number of layers coatings of the ion exchange material provided on top of one another. The composite membrane exhibits a haze change of 0% or less after being subjected to a blister test procedure. No bubbles or blisters are formed on the composite membrane after the blister test procedure. A haze value of the composite membrane is between 5% and 95%, between 10% and 90% or between 20% and 85%. The composite membrane may have a thickness of more than 17 microns at 0% relative humidity.

Abstract: Automated food delivery methods and systems using computer-managed delivery to an array of food delivery enclosures and computer-enabled customer access to the food delivered to the enclosures. Customers using the methods and systems may utilize their personal communication device such as a cell phone or tablet to order food and subsequently open an enclosure containing their food order.

Abstract: Automated food delivery methods and systems using computer-managed delivery to an array of food delivery enclosures and computer-enabled customer access to the food delivered to the enclosures. Customers using the methods and systems may utilize their personal communication device such as a cell phone or tablet to order food and subsequently open an enclosure containing their food order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roll construction of laminated material that inhibits delamination of the polymer layer from a backer film upon unwinding of the roll construction. Particularly, aspects of the present invention are directed to a roll construction of laminated material prepared by a process that includes providing the laminated material having an ion-exchange resin layer, a release film, and a base layer, and feeding the laminated material to a roller to generate the roll of the laminated material. The laminated material is fed to the roller such that a first layer of the laminated material wound around the core includes the inner surface of the base layer of the first layer contacting an outer surface of the core.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having: increased volume of the microporous polymer structure relative to the total volume of the PEM; decreased permeance and thus increased selectivity; and lower ionomer content. An increased amount of polymers of the microporous polymer structure is mixed with a low equivalent weight ionomer (e.g., <460 cc/mole eq) to obtain a composite material having at least two distinct materials. Various embodiments provide a composite membrane comprising a microporous polymer structure that occupies from 13 vol % to 65 vol % of a total volume of the composite membrane, and an ionomer impregnated in the microporous polymer structure. The acid content of the composite membrane is 1.2 meq/cc to 3.5 meq/cc, and/or the thickness of the composite membrane is less than 17 microns. The selectivity of the composite membrane is greater than 0.05 MPa/mV, based on proton conductance and hydrogen permeance.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having: increased volume of the microporous polymer structure relative to the total volume of the PEM; decreased permeance and thus increased selectivity; and lower ionomer content. An increased amount of polymers of the microporous polymer structure is mixed with a low equivalent weight ionomer (e.g., <460 cc/mole eq) to obtain a composite material having at least two distinct materials. Various embodiments provide a composite membrane comprising a microporous polymer structure that occupies from 13 vol % to 65 vol % of a total volume of the composite membrane, and an ionomer impregnated in the microporous polymer structure. The acid content of the composite membrane is 1.2 meq/cc to 3.5 meq/cc, and/or the thickness of the composite membrane is less than 17 microns. The selectivity of the composite membrane is greater than 0.05 MPa/mV, based on proton conductance and hydrogen permeance.

Abstract: Automated food delivery methods and systems using computer-managed delivery to an array of food delivery enclosures and computer-enabled customer access to the food delivered to the enclosures. Customers using the methods and systems may utilize their personal communication device such as a cell phone or tablet to order food and subsequently open an enclosure containing their food order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roll construction of laminated material that inhibits delamination of the polymer layer from a backer film upon unwinding of the roll construction. Particularly, aspects of the present invention are directed to a roll construction of laminated material prepared by a process that includes providing the laminated material having an ion-exchange resin layer, a release film, and a base layer, and feeding the laminated material to a roller to generate the roll of the laminated material. The laminated material is fed to the roller such that a first layer of the laminated material wound around the core includes the inner surface of the base layer of the first layer contacting an outer surface of the core.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having a microporous polymer structure, and an ion exchange material forming a continuous ionomer phase within the composite membrane. The continuous ionomer phase refers to absence of any internal interfaces in a layer of ionomer or between any number of layers coatings of the ion exchange material provided on top of one another. The composite membrane exhibits a haze change of 0% or less after being subjected to a blister test procedure. No bubbles or blisters are formed on the composite membrane after the blister test procedure. A haze value of the composite membrane is between 5% and 95%, between 10% and 90% or between 20% and 85%. The composite membrane may have a thickness of more than 17 microns at 0% relative humidity.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to composite membranes having: increased volume of the microporous polymer structure relative to the total volume of the PEM; decreased permeance and thus increased selectivity; and lower ionomer content. An increased amount of polymers of the microporous polymer structure is mixed with a low equivalent weight ionomer (e.g., <460 cc/mole eq) to obtain a composite material having at least two distinct materials. Various embodiments provide a composite membrane comprising a microporous polymer structure that occupies from 13 vol % to 65 vol % of a total volume of the composite membrane, and an ionomer impregnated in the microporous polymer structure. The acid content of the composite membrane is 1.2 meq/cc to 3.5 meq/cc, and/or the thickness of the composite membrane is less than 17 microns. The selectivity of the composite membrane is greater than 0.05 MPa/mV, based on proton conductance and hydrogen permeance.

Abstract: A reflective laminate for use in fuel cell manufacture. The reflective laminate includes a polymer sheet and a reflective substrate having a reflectivity greater than 6% at each wavelength from 400 nm to 1000 nm removably adhered to the polymer sheet. The polymer sheet can include a polymer electrolyte membrane such as a perfluorosulfonic acid resin reinforced with expanded porous polytetrafluoroethylene. The reflective substrate can include a metal substrate (e.g., aluminum). The reflective substrate can reflect a portion of electromagnetic radiation traversing the polymer sheet. The portion of electromagnetic radiation reflected by the reflective substrate can be used to determine a characteristic or property of the polymer sheet (e.g., a size of the polymer sheet, a thickness of the polymer sheet, or a defect of the polymer sheet). A catalyst electrode can be applied to opposite sides of the polymer sheet to form a membrane electrode assembly (“MEA”).