Abstract: In a general aspect, a method for testing vulnerability of a cryptographic function (CF) to a side-channel attack includes providing a plurality of input values to the function, where the CF, for each input value calculates a sum of the input value and a first value of the CF, and replaces a second value of the CF with the sum. The method further includes measuring a set of samples including a respective side-channel leakage sample for each input value. The method also includes iteratively performing a series of operations including splitting the set of samples into a plurality of subsets based on the input values, calculating a respective value for each subset based on samples of the subset, and comparing the respective values for different subsets to discover respective bit values of the first value and the second value from their least significant bits to most significant bits.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by an agitation mechanism embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: Methods for determining the susceptibility or resistance of bacteria to antibiotic agents are provided. In one embodiment, the methods include culturing the bacteria in the presence or absence or the antimicrobial agent to generate a primary culture which is then cultured in the presence or absence of transforming phages. The recombinant phages are specific to the bacteria and comprise a heterologous marker (e.g., a nucleic acid that is expressible as a detectable product such as an RNA or a protein). The susceptibility or resistance of the bacteria to the antimicrobial agent may be determined by assaying the culture for the presence or absence of the heterologous marker, wherein a reduction in the level or activity of the marker in the culture compared to the level or activity of the marker in a comparative culture indicates that the bacteria is sensitive to the antibiotic agent.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for detecting multiple analytes from a sample.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by means of agitation means embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by means of agitation means embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for detecting multiple analytes from a sample.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by means of agitation means embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for detecting multiple analytes from a sample.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by means of agitation means embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for detecting the presence of two or more threshold levels of an analyte, including markers of myocardial damage such as cardiac troponins, in a sample. In various embodiments, the invention provides convenient point-of-care tests for determining the condition of a patient, so as to guide cost effective health care.

Abstract: A photosensitive pixel includes a photosensor and an externally loadable flag. The photosensor outputs a signal indicative of an intensity of incident light. The externally loadable flag indicates the pixel reset state, and is preferably stored in an in-pixel memory. Pixel reset logic resets the photosensor in accordance with the reset state and an externally applied reset signal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for detection of one or more analytes. Analytes include agents or components of infectious agents such as pathogenic virus, as well as enzymes, proteins and biomarkers.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for detecting multiple analytes from a sample.

Abstract: A photosensitive pixel includes a photosensor and an externally loadable flag. The photosensor outputs a signal indicative of an intensity of incident light. The externally loadable flag indicates the pixel reset state, and is preferably stored in an in-pixel memory. Pixel reset logic resets the photosensor in accordance with the reset state and an externally applied reset signal.

Abstract: An ingestible gastrointestinal capsule (GIC) for mechanically stimulating a segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) wall by alternately and repeatedly pressurizing, and/or vibrating it is provided. The GIC is programmed to being activated following a predefined time delay. The activated GIC agitates, shakes, rattles, jolts, vibrates and/or moves in a reciprocal expanding and contracting motion thereby mechanically stimulating the adjacent segment of the GI wall at a targeted location. Activation of the GIC may include a number of automatically accomplished partial activations, such as when the time elapsed from the moment of setting the GIC on equals a predefined time delay; when the mechanical load applied onto the GIC exceeds, and/or gets lower than a respective predefined level of mechanical load; when the ambient pH reaches a predefined level, or changes, and/or a temperature associated with the user reaches a predefined threshold. Agitation is accomplished by means of agitation means embedded in the GIC.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes an extracting reagent to achieve quantitative detection of hydrophobic analytes from a biological test sample. The hydrophobic analytes can include steroids, and drugs. The biological test sample can include serum, plasma, whole blood, urine and spinal fluid. The hydrophobic analyte is preferably the drug cyclosporine, which is used primarily as an immunosuppressant. The biological test sample is preferably whole blood. The extracting reagent comprises a zwitterionic detergent and saponin, and optionally, a viscosity additive such as sucrose or glycerin. The detection and analysis of the hydrophobic analyte is preferably performed in an automated immunoanalyzer.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and compositions comprising new protease inhibitor stabilizers of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which prevent or significantly reduce the degradation of BNP in blood based samples, particularly plasma samples. The BNP inhibitors of the invention include D-Phe-Phe-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK), D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPRACK), acetyl-Leu-Leu-arginal (leupeptin), N-(N&agr;-carbonyl-Arg-Val-Arg-al)Phe (antipain) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), either alone or in combination. The inhibitors, and combinations thereof, can be directly added to collected blood samples prior to testing in laboratory or clinical settings. In addition, the inhibitors, alone or in combination, can be added to blood-based (e.g., plasma) matrices prior to, or at the time of, the addition of exogenous BNP (e.g., synthetic BNP), to prepare control materials used in BNP analysis and quantification of patient blood samples.

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement to the method of determining the concentration of an analyte in body fluid using at least two immunoreactants which specifically bind with separate epitopes of the analyte one of which immunoreactant is immobilized on a solid support and the other is in the form of a polymer or oligomer of the immunoreactant and an enzyme. The improvement involves introducing to the assay system a polymeric conjugate of the enzyme and a water soluble protein other than the enzyme or a non-proteinaceous natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic polymer or oligomer in sufficient amount to reduce bias in the assay due to incorrect recovery of the analyte.