Abstract: A high speed electrostatic printing machine provides a toner supply of a high viscosity highly concentrated liquid toner to a pick-up roller and then a metering roller. A doctor blade bears against the metering roller which bears against a development member with an interference fit. An image forming stage comprising an image carrying member having a surface adapted to retain an electrostatic latent image thereon with the development member engaging against the image carrying member with an interference fit to give a selected contact time therebetween. Then there is a development stage and a transfer stage. A carrier liquid displacement device acts upon the thin layer of toner on the development member to push toner particles in the thin layer towards the surface of the roller and to leave a carrier liquid rich layer on the outside of the thin toner layer.

Abstract: A high speed electrostatic printing machine has a toner supply of a high viscosity highly concentrated liquid toner to a pick-up roller and then a metering roller. A doctor blade bears against the metering roller which bears against a development member with an interference fit. An image forming stage comprising an image carrying member having a surface adapted to retain an electrostatic latent image thereon with the development member engaging against the image carrying member with an interference fit to give a selected contact time therebetween. Then there is a development stage and a transfer stage. A carrier liquid displacement device acts upon the thin layer of toner on the development member to push toner particles in the thin layer towards the surface of the roller and to leave a carrier liquid rich layer on the outside of the thin toner layer.

Abstract: A high speed electrostatic printing machine has a toner supply to supply to a supply roller (13) a high viscosity highly concentrated toner; a pick-up roller (16) which is spaced from the supply roller by a first feed gap; a metering roller (21) which receives a thin layer of the toner from the pick-up roller; a doctor blade (23) bearing against the metering roller which bears against a development member (31) with an interference fit (32) to transfer a thin layer of the toner onto the development member; an image forming stage (40), the image forming stage comprising an image carrying member (41) having a surface adapted to retain an electrostatic latent image thereon with the development member engaging against the image carrying member with an interference fit (46) to give a selected contact time therebetween; a development stage in which toner particles in the thin layer on the development member are transferred to the image carrying member under the influence of the electrostatic latent image on the imag

Abstract: A toner characterization cell used to determine characteristics of insoluble particles in a liquid medium. First and second electrode are spaced apart and an electric field is applied between the electrodes and a displacement current is measured. Optical density measuring devices measure the change in optical density in the cell adjacent each electrode. The characteristics are determined from the displacement current and the change in optical density. The characterizing feature may be particle mobility. The invention also relates to a method of determining the characteristics.

Abstract: A toner characterization cell used to determine characteristics of insoluble particles in a liquid medium. First and second electrode are spaced apart and an electric field is applied between the electrodes and a displacement current is measured. Optical density measuring devices measure the change in optical density in the cell adjacent each electrode. The characteristics are determined from the displacement current and the change in optical density. The characterizing feature may be particle mobility. The invention also relates to a method of determining the characteristics.