Abstract: The disclosure relates to a PTC heating module for heating a fluid and a method for producing such a PTC heating module. The PTC heating module includes a plurality of PTC thermistors having main surfaces disposed opposite to one another and spaced apart relative to one another in a thickness direction. The PTC thermistors are arranged between two contact plates next to one another transversely to the thickness direction and spaced apart relative to one another. The main surfaces of the PTC thermistors are electrically contacted with a contact surface of the two contact plates. At least one dielectric function element is arranged between the two contact plates and laterally sealingly engages about the respective PTC thermistors to at least partially fill a hollow space between the two contact plates and facilitate enlarging a creepage distance between the two contact plates within the hollow space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PTC heating element (1). The PTC heating element (1) comprises a block-shaped PTC thermistor (2) having two contact surfaces (4a, 4b) and two electrically conductive contact plates (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is arranged between the contact plates (3a, 3b) and facing the contact plates (3a, 3b) with the contact surfaces (4a, 4b). An adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) each is arranged between the contact surface (4a, 4b) and the contact plate (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is firmly connected to the respective contact plates (3a, 3b) by means of the respective bonding layers (6a, 6b) and electrically conductively contacted. The adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) according to the invention comprises silicone or consists thereof.

Abstract: An electric heating device and a method for manufacturing an electric heating device with at least two plate pairs forming a fluid passage through which fluid can flow, which plate pairs are assembled from two plates and form a fluid passage between the two, wherein the plate pairs take on a predefined distance from one another and form a free space, wherein at least one heating unit is arranged in the free space between at least two of the plate pairs, which heating unit has at least one heating element and contact electrodes electrically connected thereto for making electrical contact with the at least one heating element. The invention also relates to such an electric heating device.

Abstract: A technique for managing write requests in a data storage system checks whether newly-arriving data match previously-stored data that have been recorded in a deduplication database. If a match is found, the technique compares mapping metadata for the newly-arriving data with mapping metadata for the matching data. If both sets of metadata point to the same storage location, then the newly-arriving data is a same-data write and a new write to disk is avoided.

Abstract: A technique for managing data received into a cache operates in cycles. To process a current batch of compressed blocks during a current cache processing cycle, a storage system obtains a new mapping structure and a new segment of contiguous storage space. If the system can place some of the current batch of compressed blocks into previously-allocated space, the system does so and partially populates the new mapping structure with entries for mapping the other compressed blocks that were not placed. The system then asserts a hold on the new mapping structure, so that the mapping structure is retained in cache at the end of the current cache processing cycle, and more completely populates the new mapping structure with entries for other compressed blocks during a later cache processing cycle before releasing the hold.

Abstract: A technique for managing data received into a cache operates in cycles. To process a current batch of compressed blocks during a current cache processing cycle, a storage system obtains a new mapping structure and a new segment of contiguous storage space. If the system can place some of the current batch of compressed blocks into previously-allocated space, the system does so and partially populates the new mapping structure with entries for mapping the other compressed blocks that were not placed. The system then asserts a hold on the new mapping structure, so that the mapping structure is retained in cache at the end of the current cache processing cycle, and more completely populates the new mapping structure with entries for other compressed blocks during a later cache processing cycle before releasing the hold.

Abstract: A technique for writing data in a file system includes aggregating data received in a set of I/O requests into a batch that includes multiple extents of data. After compressing a current extent of the batch and determining that the compressed extent does not fit in a space where a previous version of the extent is stored, the technique performs an FS-relocate operation by accessing an F S-hole list provided for the file system and selecting a hole, from the FS-relocate list, which is large enough to accommodate the compressed extent. The technique then places the compressed extent in the selected hole.

Abstract: A technique for writing data in a data storage system includes aggregating data received in a set of I/O requests into a batch that includes multiple extents of data. After compressing a current extent of the batch and determining that the compressed extent does not fit in a space where a previous version of the extent is stored, the technique performs a batch-relocate operation by gathering a set of mapping metadata for mapping each of the extents in the batch, identifying a set of holes indicated by the set of mapping metadata, and adding the holes to a batch-hole list. The technique then selects a hole, from the batch-hole list, which is big enough to accommodate the compressed extent, and places the compressed extent in the selected hole.

Abstract: A technique for writing data in a data storage system includes aggregating data received in a set of I/O requests into a batch that includes multiple extents of data. After compressing a current extent of the batch and determining that the compressed extent does not fit in a space where a previous version of the extent is stored, the technique performs a batch-relocate operation by gathering a set of mapping metadata for mapping each of the extents in the batch, identifying a set of holes indicated by the set of mapping metadata, and adding the holes to a batch-hole list. The technique then selects a hole, from the batch-hole list, which is big enough to accommodate the compressed extent, and places the compressed extent in the selected hole.

Abstract: A technique for managing write requests in a data storage system checks whether newly-arriving data match previously-stored data that have been recorded in a deduplication database. If a match is found, the technique compares mapping metadata for the newly-arriving data with mapping metadata for the matching data. If both sets of metadata point to the same storage location, then the newly-arriving data is a same-data write and a new write to disk is avoided.

Abstract: A technique for writing data in a file system includes aggregating data received in a set of I/O requests into a batch that includes multiple extents of data. After compressing a current extent of the batch and determining that the compressed extent does not fit in a space where a previous version of the extent is stored, the technique performs an FS-relocate operation by accessing an FS-hole list provided for the file system and selecting a hole, from the FS-relocate list, which is large enough to accommodate the compressed extent. The technique then places the compressed extent in the selected hole.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a PTC heating module for heating a fluid and a method for producing such a PTC heating module. The PTC heating module includes a plurality of PTC thermistors having main surfaces disposed opposite to one another and spaced apart relative to one another in a thickness direction. The PTC thermistors are arranged between two contact plates next to one another transversely to the thickness direction and spaced apart relative to one another. The main surfaces of the PTC thermistors are electrically contacted with a contact surface of the two contact plates. At least one dielectric function element is arranged between the two contact plates and laterally sealingly engages about the respective PTC thermistors to at least partially fill a hollow space between the two contact plates and facilitate enlarging a creepage distance between the two contact plates within the hollow space.

Abstract: An electric heating device and a method for manufacturing an electric heating device with at least two plate pairs forming a fluid passage through which fluid can flow, which plate pairs are assembled from two plates and form a fluid passage between the two, wherein the plate pairs take on a predefined distance from one another and form a free space, wherein at least one heating unit is arranged in the free space between at least two of the plate pairs, which heating unit has at least one heating element and contact electrodes electrically connected thereto for making electrical contact with the at least one heating element. The invention also relates to such an electric heating device.

Abstract: A technique manages data within a data storage apparatus having a cache of volatile memory and non-volatile storage. The technique involves receiving a set of write commands to write data to the non-volatile storage. The technique further involves acknowledging, in a write-back caching manner, completion of the set of write commands after the data reaches the cache of volatile memory and prior to the data reaching the non-volatile storage. The data includes host data as well as critical metadata. The technique further involves saving, after acknowledging completion of the set of write commands, the data from the cache of volatile memory to the non-volatile storage, the critical metadata being saved from the cache of volatile memory to the non-volatile storage at a quicker rate than that of the host data (i.e., accelerated synchronization of the critical metadata).