Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a first plurality of conductive paths having first ends at an inner radius of the PCB and second ends at an outer radius of the PCB. The PCB further includes a second plurality of conductive paths having first ends at an outer radius of the PCB and second ends at an inner radius of the PCB. The PCB further includes a first plurality of conductive vias that pass through the PCB at the outer radius of the PCB and couple second ends of the first plurality of conductive paths to first ends of the second plurality of conductive paths. The PCB further includes a second plurality of conductive vias that pass through the PCB at the inner radius of the PCB and electrically couple second ends of the second plurality of conductive paths to first ends of the first plurality of conductive paths.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a first plurality of conductive paths having first ends at an inner radius of the PCB and second ends at an outer radius of the PCB. The PCB further includes a second plurality of conductive paths having first ends at an outer radius of the PCB and second ends at an inner radius of the PCB. The PCB further includes a first plurality of conductive vias that pass through the PCB at the outer radius of the PCB and couple second ends of the first plurality of conductive paths to first ends of the second plurality of conductive paths. The PCB further includes a second plurality of conductive vias that pass through the PCB at the inner radius of the PCB and electrically couple second ends of the second plurality of conductive paths to first ends of the first plurality of conductive paths.

Abstract: A battery balancing system including two battery modules connected in series, wherein each module is coupled to a balancing circuit. The balancing circuit is selectively operable between two modes: a dissipative mode, wherein the balancing circuit is connected in parallel to the respective battery module and dissipates energy from the battery module as light; and a latent mode, wherein the balancing circuit is disconnected from the battery module. A method of balancing a battery, including: charging a module of the battery, the module including at least one electrochemical cell; monitoring a system parameter indicative of the module charge; determining that a dissipation condition has been met based on the system parameter; and connecting a balancing circuit to the module upon determination of the dissipation condition being met, wherein the balancing circuit dissipates energy from the battery module as light.