Abstract: An imaging system comprises an excitation light source, a directing element positioned to direct light from the excitation light source toward a sample, a detector configured to measure incoming light from the sample, a filter cavity positioned between the sample and the detector, a first filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, a sine filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, and a processing unit communicatively connected to the detector, configured to receive image data from the detector to form an image. Methods of constructing a hyperspectral image of a sample are also described.

Abstract: An imaging system comprises an excitation light source, a directing element positioned to direct light from the excitation light source toward a sample, a detector configured to measure incoming light from the sample, a filter cavity positioned between the sample and the detector, a first filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, a sine filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, and a processing unit communicatively connected to the detector, configured to receive image data from the detector to form an image. Methods of constructing a hyperspectral image of a sample are also described.

Abstract: An imaging system comprises an excitation light source, a directing element positioned to direct light from the excitation light source toward a sample, a detector configured to measure incoming light from the sample, a filter cavity positioned between the sample and the detector, a first filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, a sine filter configured to be inserted into the filter cavity, and a processing unit communicatively connected to the detector, configured to receive image data from the detector to form an image. Methods of constructing a hyperspectral image of a sample are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for in-depth fluorescence imaging using two-photon fluorescence imaging in turbid media. The apparatus includes a detector which can significantly enhance the use of a detection method that allows to efficiently collect scattered fluorescence photons from a wide area of the turbid sample. By using this detector it is possible to perform imaging of turbid samples, simulating brain tissue at depths up to 3 mm, where the two-photon induced fluorescence signal is too weak to be detected by previous means used in conventional two-photon microscopy. The detector separates the excitation and detection optics which allows a more efficient collection of fluorescence and enhancing the possible imaging depth.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for in-depth fluorescence imaging using two-photon fluorescence imaging in turbid media. The apparatus includes a detector which can significantly enhance the use of a detection method that allows to efficiently collect scattered fluorescence photons from a wide area of the turbid sample. By using this detector it is possible to perform imaging of turbid samples, simulating brain tissue at depths up to 3 mm, where the two-photon induced fluorescence signal is too weak to be detected by previous means used in conventional two-photon microscopy. The detector separates the excitation and detection optics which allows a more efficient collection of fluorescence and enhancing the possible imaging depth.

Abstract: A piracy protection digital recording medium comprising a polymeric layer incorporating an optical state change material in conjunction with a cationic photoinitiator.

Abstract: A storage case of storing optical digital data storage media, the case including a cover with a defined area therein that permits transmission of certain energy to the medium stored therein while the area of the cover outside of the defined area does not.

Abstract: Photochromic chemicals consisting essentially of colored fluorescent heterocyclic fulgides are particularly suitable for optical memories. The preferred heterocyclic photochromic fulgides consist essentially of colored 2-indolyfulgides capable of excitation by ultraviolet light to fluoresce. These heterocyclic photochromic fulgides are preferably synthesized by process of (1) condensation of 1,3-dimethyl-(5-substituted)indole-2-carboxaldehyde with diethyl IV iospropylidenesuccinate as a key intermediate; followed by (2) hydrolysis; and (3) intramolecular acid anhydride formation.

Abstract: Dye precursor molecules—normally rhodamine base—held in a transparent matrix are reactive with acids, bases, ions or radicals—and in the case of rhodamine are reactive with acids—to produce dye molecules—i.e., rhodamine—having markedly different spectroscopic properties. Light-sensitive molecules—normally a compound of ortho-nitro-aldehyde, in particular o-nitro-benzaldehyde or, preferably, 1-nitro-2-naphthaldehyde—in the same matrix undergo photochemical reaction when selectively exposed to light so as to form at least one of the acids, bases, ions or radicals with which the dye precursor molecules are reactive—preferably nitroso acid.

Abstract: Dye precursor molecules—normally rhodamine base—held in a transparent matrix are reactive with acids, bases, ions or radicals—and in the case of rhodamine are reactive with acids—to produce dye molecules—i.e., rhodamine—having markedly different spectroscopic properties. Light-sensitive molecules-normally a compound of ortho-nitro-aldehyde, in particular o-nitro-benzaldehyde or, preferably, 1-nitro-2-naphthaldehyde—in the same matrix undergo photochemical reaction when selectively exposed to light so as to form at least one of the acids, bases, ions or radicals with which the dye precursor molecules are reactive—preferably nitroso acid.

Abstract: An inexpensive, simple and easy-to-use illuminator element--consisting of chromophores, particularly fluorophores, and/or light-scattering bodies in a stable, typically a polymer plastic, matrix--completely replaces an infinite set of condensers for a optical microscope, and works equally well with microscope objective lenses of any and all numerical apertures. Illuminator elements of a fluorescent type are employed in combination with a primary source of light that is external to the illuminator element itself, and that is preferably but a simple incandescent light bulb. Nonetheless to be energized with spectrally impure light, each illuminator element produces spectrally pure light(s) of a predetermined color or colors, including a pseudo-white light. Sets of illuminator elements permit the ready production of colored light(s) of any desired spectral characteristics from primary light sources that are no more sophisticated, nor any more expensive, than common electric light bulbs.