Abstract: A testing device for detecting defects of transparent test specimens, in particular of ophthalmological lenses, has an illumination device for transilluminating test specimens to be examined and with an image acquisition device for imaging the test specimen transilluminated by the illumination device. The illumination device includes a plurality of linearly adjustable light sources for generating a stripe pattern. To capture the stripe pattern, the acquisition duration of the image acquisition device can be adjusted in such a way that the light emitted by each of the light sources is detected as a light stripe. Further, the disclosure relates to a testing method for detecting a defect of a transparent specimen.

Abstract: A testing device for detecting defects of transparent test specimens, in particular of ophthalmological lenses, has an illumination device for transilluminating test specimens to be examined and with an image acquisition device for imaging the test specimen transilluminated by the illumination device. The illumination device includes a plurality of linearly adjustable light sources for generating a stripe pattern. To capture the stripe pattern, the acquisition duration of the image acquisition device can be adjusted in such a way that the light emitted by each of the light sources is detected as a light stripe. Further, the disclosure relates to a testing method for detecting a defect of a transparent specimen.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed towards including heritage information when allocating costs for a plurality of cost objects. A target object, a source object and heritage objects may be determined from a data model. At least one line item in the source object may be generated by allocating costs from the heritage objects with the generated source object line items corresponding to a line item from a heritage object. At least one line item in the target object may be generated based on allocating costs from the source object. And, at least one generated target object line item may be based on at least one source object line item and its corresponding heritage object line item. A final cost value for the target object may be generated based on a sum of each target object line item and displayed in the data model.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed towards intermediate resource allocation tracking in data models. A data model that includes data objects traversed on a path through the data model that follows allocation rules that are included in the data model. If an aspect object is encountered during the traversal, resources from line items of a source data object are associated with line items of the aspect object based on the traversal path. The resources associated with the line items of the aspect object are also available for allocation to other data objects. If a data object, rather than an aspect object, may be encountered during the traversal, resources from line items of a source data object may be allocated to line items of the data object based on another of the allocation rules, the resources allocated to the line items of the data object are unavailable for further allocation.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed towards intermediate resource allocation tracking in data models. A data model that includes data objects traversed on a path through the data model that follows allocation rules that are included in the data model. If an aspect object is encountered during the traversal, resources from line items of a source data object are associated with line items of the aspect object based on the traversal path. The resources associated with the line items of the aspect object are also available for allocation to other data objects. If a data object, rather than an aspect object, may be encountered during the traversal, resources from line items of a source data object may be allocated to line items of the data object based on another of the allocation rules, the resources allocated to the line items of the data object are unavailable for further allocation.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed towards including heritage information when allocating costs for a plurality of cost objects. A target object, a source object and heritage objects may be determined from a data model. At least one line item in the source object may be generated by allocating costs from the heritage objects with the generated source object line items corresponding to a line item from a heritage object. At least one line item in the target object may be generated based on allocating costs from the source object. And, at least one generated target object line item may be based on at least one source object line item and its corresponding heritage object line item. A final cost value for the target object may be generated based on a sum of each target object line item and displayed in the data model.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal protection element (1), which is arranged on the front side for protecting a diaphragm (11) of a pressure sensor (10) to which pressure is applied. According to the invention, the thermal protection element (1) has, in the region of the sensor diaphragm (11), lamellae (2) which run parallel or are configured as circular arc segments (8) and cover 40% to 60% of the diaphragm surface, with the ratio between the cross-sectional height (h) of the lamellae (2) and the cross-sectional width (b) thereof being 8:1 to 12:1.

Abstract: A force-measuring ring includes an annular housing which contains at least one piezoelectric measuring element, and a pressure transmission element which is attached to the housing via inner and outer circular-annular membrane areas. The inner and outer membrane areas of the force measuring ring are situated on opposite sides of a symmetry plane defined by the at least one piezoelectric measuring element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal protection element (1), which is arranged on the front side for protecting a diaphragm (11) of a pressure sensor (10) to which pressure is applied. According to the invention, the thermal protection element (1) has, in the region of the sensor diaphragm (11), lamellae (2) which run parallel or are configured as circular arc segments (8) and cover 40% to 60% of the diaphragm surface, with the ratio between the cross-sectional height (h) of the lamellae (2) and the cross-sectional width (b) thereof being 8:1 to 12:1.

Abstract: A force-measuring ring includes an annular housing which contains at least one piezoelectric measuring element, and a pressure transmission element which is attached to the housing via inner and outer circular-annular membrane areas. The inner and outer membrane areas of the force-measuring ring are situated on opposite sides of a symmetry plane defined by the at least one piezoelectric measuring element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device (1) for detecting processes in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a pressure sensor (3) which is arranged to be inserted into a bore hole of the internal combustion engine which opens into a combustion chamber, with the pressure sensor (3) comprising at least one optical light guide (6) optically opening into the combustion chamber, and with an optical injection element (8) being arranged preferably in the opening region into the combustion chamber. In order to enable performing simultaneously a pressure measurement and optical combustion chamber monitoring at the same place of the combustion chamber, it is provided that the optical injection element (8) is soldered into a pressure membrane (5) of the pressure sensor (3) or into the housing (2) of the pressure sensor (3).

Abstract: A piezoelectric pressure sensor includes—an outer housing separated by an annular gap from an inner housing, which inner housing is attached to the outer housing on the pressure side. At least one piezoelectric measuring element is positioned between a diaphragm placed on the pressure side of the inner housing and a base part of the inner housing. The inner housing is provided with a massive cylindrical wall throughout whose wall thickness essentially corresponds to the thickness of the adjacent outer housing. In the annular gap between the outer housing and the inner housing a heat-transfer liquid is contained, or in the space between the base part of the inner housing and an interior shoulder of the pressure sensor a heat-transfer spring or bellows is located.

Abstract: A piezoelectric pressure sensor which includes piezoelectric measuring elements is inserted in a housing having a membrane element located on the pressure side of the housing. The membrane element has a centered membrane stamp at the centre of a thin annular membrane. The piezoelectric measuring elements being radially disposed outwards from a prestressing element extending essentially along the longitudinal axis of the sensor, which prestressing element passes through the housing base, serves as a lead for the sensor signal and is attached to a pressure body at its end adjacent to the membrane. The centered membrane stamp is attached to the pressure body, and the prestressing element is prestressed against the housing base, having a gas-tight insulating element interposed. Furthermore, the pressure body is provided with a sealing shoulder which fits against a sealing seat in the interior of housing upon destruction of the measuring elements, thus forming a gas-tight zone.

Abstract: A measuring sensor comprises at least one SAW (surface acoustic wave) element (20) serving as a sensor and identification unit, which is installed in a contactless manner inside a housing part (10) forming, in essence, a coaxial conductor. The housing part (10) is connected to the shield (13) of the connection cable whose signal conductor (12) extends in a contactless manner over a superficial coupling structure of the SAW element (20) without contact. In order to improve the near-field coupling, the coupling structure of the SAW element (20) comprises additively coupling partial structures, which are arranged on both sides of the signal conductor (12) and which, preferably with at least one strip conductor, encircle, at least for the most part, the SAW element (20) in the peripheral area, and which serve as an integrated discharge loop for pyroelectric charges.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piezoelectric pressure sensor comprising piezoelectric measuring elements located in a housing, which are pre-stressed between the housing base and a membrane provided at the pressured side of the housing. According to the invention the piezoelectric measuring elements are placed on the outside of a pre-stressing element, which is located essentially along the longitudinal axis of the sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device (1) for detecting processes in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a pressure sensor (3) which is arranged to be inserted into a bore hole of the internal combustion engine which opens into a combustion chamber, with the pressure sensor (3) comprising at least one optical light guide (6) optically opening into the combustion chamber, and with an optical injection element (8) being arranged preferably in the opening region into the combustion chamber. In order to enable performing simultaneously a pressure measurement and optical combustion chamber monitoring at the same place of the combustion chamber, it is provided that the optical injection element (8) is soldered into a pressure membrane (5) of the pressure sensor (3) or into the housing (2) of the pressure sensor (3).

Abstract: A piezoelectric sensor, preferably a pressure sensor, comprising at least two piezoelectric measuring elements placed in a housing, which are clamped between a membrane on the pressured side of the housing and a pick-up electrode electrically insulated against the housing. The piezoelectric measuring elements are fixedly attached to the pick-up electrode by thermo-compression or soldering and together with said pick-up electrode form a compact measuring element stack, which will significantly simplify assembly of the piezoelectric sensor.

Abstract: A measuring sensor comprises at least one SAW (surface acoustic wave) element (20) serving as a sensor and identification unit, which is installed in a contactless manner inside a housing part (10) forming, in essence, a coaxial conductor. The housing part (10) is connected to the shield (13) of the connection cable whose signal conductor (12) extends in a contactless manner over a superficial coupling structure of the SAW element (20) without contact. In order to improve the near-field coupling, the coupling structure of the SAW element (20) comprises additively coupling partial structures, which are arranged on both sides of the signal conductor (12) and which, preferably with at least one strip conductor, encircle, at least for the most part, the SAW element (20) in the peripheral area, and which serve as an integrated discharge loop for pyroelectric charges.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piezoelectric pressure sensor comprising an outer housing separated by an annular gap from an inner housing, which inner housing is attached to the outer housing on the pressure side. At least one piezoelectric measuring element being positioned between a diaphragm placed on the pressure side of the inner housing and a base part of said inner housing. The inner housing is provided with a massive cylindrical wall throughout, whose wall thickness essentially corresponds to the thickness of the adjacent outer housing, and in the annular gap between outer housing and inner housing or in the space between the base part of the inner housing and an interior shoulder of the pressure sensor there are provided means for transferring heat to the outer housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor for measuring pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, where the shell of the glow plug has a section of reduced diameter on the side next to the combustion chamber and following a sealing cone, which section houses a glow coil and ends in a tip extending into the combustion chamber, and where the pressure sensor is positioned without cooling in the section of the glow plug next to combustion chamber. According to the invention the pressure sensor is subjected to pressure in radial direction, the glow coil of the glow plug or the electrical leads of the glow coil being guided towards the tip of the glow plug either by bypassing the pressure sensor or going through the pressure sensor.