Abstract: A method includes, in a grid computing environment, maintaining systems having grid managers having hierarchical relations, the relations of each grid manager stored in each of the systems. Each of these hierarchical relations are classified as superior or inferior.

Abstract: A method for a grid application start protocol includes, in a network, responding to a request for a computational resource available for computing a task by sending a list of available computational resources, receiving a selection of a computational resource for reservation. The method includes, if the selection of the computational resource is available for computing the task, reserving the selection and sending a reservation number for the selection, and sending the request to a different portion of the network if computational resources are unavailable for computing the task.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products. In one embodiment, a client server method includes storing components in a first server, storing a list of the components in a second server, requesting, by an application residing in a client, a component matching particular functioned requirements from the list, negotiating between the first server and the client, and executing the component in response to the negotiation.

Abstract: A computerized method for dynamically extending a main application comprising a first user-interface-control by at least one supplementary application is proposed. The method comprises a first-step of monitoring system-messages of a system-message-queue and determines if a monitored system-messages comprises a user-interaction-request for creating said first user-interface-control of said main application. In the affirmative case, an indicator is set that said user-interaction-request for creating said first user-interface-control has been detected. Said method comprises a second-step monitoring application-messages of an application-message-queue and associates in response to setting said indicator the next one or multitude of application-message with said monitored system-message.

Abstract: A technique for improving the usage of built-in macro languages of applications from used end users for programming is provided. This technique enables the user to use the programming language of his choice. The source code of the user-selected language is stored in objects of the existing application and, if the language is a compiler language, the compiled code and the compiler itself are stored. A Bytecode Processing Server (BPS) is stored in an object of the existing application. This permits the use of the new macro language anywhere without additional installation efforts. The BPS and the existing application communicate via a stub program, which is written in the built-in macro language. This comprises parameter passing and data transfer.