Abstract: A heat exchanger, including a heat exchanger tube for guiding a first medium in its interior, and also at least one connection for a second medium, wherein the region around the heat exchanger tube is provided by an open-pored, in particular solid, material, preferably a body of such a material, into which the second medium in particular can enter.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the detailed analysis of ion mixtures from complex mixtures of organic substances in time-of-flight mass spectrometers which are equipped with a trapped ion mobility spectrometer, a quadrupole mass selector and a fragmentation cell. The invention proposes to analyze ion signals of a first mass mobility map, fragment ion spectra and the identifications of the associated substances as to whether ion mixtures not resolved according to mass and mobility, for example from isomers or isobars, are possibly present, and to subsequently measure the ion signals of interest with method parameters which allow the ion species to be measured separately by means of high mobility resolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the detailed analysis of ion mixtures from complex mixtures of organic substances in time-of-flight mass spectrometers which are equipped with a trapped ion mobility spectrometer, a quadrupole mass selector and a fragmentation cell. The invention proposes to analyze ion signals of a first mass mobility map, fragment ion spectra and the identifications of the associated substances as to whether ion mixtures not resolved according to mass and mobility, for example from isomers or isobars, are possibly present, and to subsequently measure the ion signals of interest with method parameters which allow the ion species to be measured separately by means of high mobility resolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the detailed analysis of ion mixtures from complex mixtures of organic substances in time-of-flight mass spectrometers which are equipped with a trapped ion mobility spectrometer, a quadrupole mass selector and a fragmentation cell. The invention proposes to analyze ion signals of a first mass mobility map, fragment ion spectra and the identifications of the associated substances as to whether ion mixtures not resolved according to mass and mobility, for example from isomers or isobars, are possibly present, and to subsequently measure the ion signals of interest with method parameters which allow the ion species to be measured separately by means of high mobility resolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the detailed analysis of ion mixtures from complex mixtures of organic substances in time-of-flight mass spectrometers which are equipped with a trapped ion mobility spectrometer, a quadrupole mass selector and a fragmentation cell. The invention proposes to analyze ion signals of a first mass mobility map, fragment ion spectra and the identifications of the associated substances as to whether ion mixtures not resolved according to mass and mobility, for example from isomers or isobars, are possibly present, and to subsequently measure the ion signals of interest with method parameters which allow the ion species to be measured separately by means of high mobility resolution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating selected materials in a gas chromatograph. The gas mixture is introduced into a separation column of the gas chromatograph and the separation column is heated inside a chamber of the gas chromatograph to a preset temperature. The preset temperature is matched to the material to be separated and that heating is accomplished by using IR radiation.