Abstract: A fiber optic optical osmometer (50) includes a fiber optic probe (20) inserted into a chamber (24) including a filter member (10 ) and a diaphragm (14) responsive to a pressure change in the chamber. The filter member transmits a fluid including an analyte into the chamber. A reagent within the chamber reacts with the analyte to form a reaction product. The filter member retains the reaction product in the chamber creating a pressure change. The diaphragm is illuminated by light directed to it from the fiber optic probe. Light reflected from the diaphragm is returned via the fiber optic probe to a detector and measurement electronics. As the diaphragm responds to pressure changes in the chamber, light returned to the detector is modulated proportional to the pressure change. The pressure change may be interpreted as a measure of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring concentration of micrometer- and submicrometer-size particles on a carrier as a function of Mie scattering in the visible spectrum. A collimated beam of white light is directed through a carrier onto the particles, with a portion of the light energy being scattered and a portion transmitted according to Mie scattering theory. Particle size, index of refraction and measurement wavelength are selected such that scattering extinction varies essentially monotonically with the ratio of particle size to illumination wavelength. Particle concentration is indicated as a function of a difference between light scattered at two wavelengths at opposite ends of the visible spectrum.

Abstract: A regenerative laser apparatus and method using the optical relay concept to maintain high fill factors, to suppress diffraction effects, and to minimize phase distortions in a regenerative amplifier.

Abstract: An optical system for providing a wide angle input beam into ellipsoidal laser fusion target illumination systems. The optical system comprises one or more pairs of centrally apertured plane and ellipsoidal mirrors disposed to accept the light input from a conventional lens of modest focal length and thickness, to increase the angular divergence thereof to a value equivalent to that of fast lenses, and to direct the light into the ellipsoidal target illumination system.