Abstract: The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon materials has attracted much attention due to their widespread applications. In this work, a high-performance Fe/N doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets is developed through thermal activation step based on organic groups triggered polymer particles exfoliation. Polymer nanoparticles are exfoliated by the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the amino groups. The gas produced from dicyandiamide then blows polymer fragments into ultrathin flexible carbon nanosheets under pyrolysis process, along with nitrogen doping. The Fe—N—C catalyst exhibits half-wave potential (E1/2) at 0.852 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH and at 0.686 V (vs. RHE) in 0.5 M H2SO4 for oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells that employ the catalyst at the cathode exhibits durability close to 100 h, without showing significant degradation after 96 h continuous operation.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance additives and chalcogenides.

Abstract: Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides.