Abstract: This disclosure relates to electrolyzer composite membranes, and in particular, to a composite membrane having at least two reinforcing layers comprising a microporous polymer structure and a surprisingly high resistance to piercing. The electrolyzer composite membranes have a recombination catalyst configured to be disposed closer to an anode than to a cathode in a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The disclosure also relates to membrane-electrode assemblies and electrolyzers comprising the membranes, and to method of manufacture of the membranes.

Abstract: There is provided a method of wetting a low surface energy substrate with a high surface tension liquid comprising at least the steps of providing a low surface energy substrate having a surface energy in the range of from 15 to 45 mN/m, a high surface tension liquid having a surface tension in the range of from greater than 25 to 70 mN/m and a low surface tension fluid having a surface tension in the range of from 10 to 25 mN/m; contacting the low surface energy substrate with the high surface tension liquid; contacting at least one of the low surface energy substrate and the high surface tension liquid with the low surface tension fluid vapour, either before, at the same time as or after the contacting of the low surface energy substrate with the high surface tension liquid; and removing the low surface tension fluid vapour from the low surface energy substrate.