Abstract: A control device for a frequency generator of an ion thruster is described. The control device permits the detection of zero-crossings in a current and/or voltage characteristic during specific time intervals only, which detection is inhibited during other time intervals. Any incorrect switching performance of the control device associated with erroneously detected zero-crossings is prevented accordingly. A low-pass filter filters harmonics out of the detected current and/or voltage characteristics. A time-delay element offsets stray delays in the detection of zero-crossings. Additionally, plasma energy protective apparatuses are described, which attenuate the impact of any power flashover from a thruster unit to a power supply unit of an ion thruster.

Abstract: A control device includes an acquiring unit and a processing unit. The acquiring unit acquires a voltage course and a current course of a determinable number of periods of a frequency generator and transmits these to the processing unit. The processing unit determines a temporal offset ?t1 between a rising edge of the current course and a rising edge of the voltage course for each period of the determinable number of periods, and further determines if this temporal offset ?t1 is positive or negative. The processing unit determines a difference between the number of periods with positive temporal offset and the number of periods with negative temporal offset within the determinable number of periods, and generates and adapts a switching signal for a switch-on time of the voltage course if the number of periods with positive temporal offset differs from the number of periods with negative temporal offset.

Abstract: A method for power shifting in hybrid automatic transmissions which can have any topology and are equipped with any number of additional drive units includes a generic transformation of the effective correlations between real transmission variables into virtual variables relating to a dual-clutch transmission such that a dual-clutch power shifting core having typical basic shifting modes can be used.

Abstract: A control device includes an acquiring unit and a processing unit. The acquiring unit acquires a voltage course and a current course of a determinable number of periods of a frequency generator and transmits these to the processing unit. The processing unit determines a temporal offset ?t1 between a rising edge of the current course and a rising edge of the voltage course for each period of the determinable number of periods, and further determines if this temporal offset ?t1 is positive or negative. The processing unit determines a difference between the number of periods with positive temporal offset and the number of periods with negative temporal offset within the determinable number of periods, and generates and adapts a switching signal for a switch-on time of the voltage course if the number of periods with positive temporal offset differs from the number of periods with negative temporal offset.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for low-stress injection moulding of amorphous or microcrystalline polyamides, in which a melt of the amorphous or microcrystalline polyamides is processed and injection moulded under specific conditions. Hence, low-stress moulded articles made of the amorphous or microcrystalline polyamides can be produced by injection moulding. The present invention relates in addition to the correspondingly produced moulded articles.

Abstract: A receiver apparatus and method are provided blind amplitude estimation for a received complex signal, wherein the complex signal is analyzed to determine first and second order statistics of real part and imaginary part of the complex signal. Based on a predetermined non-linear function, amplitude scaling information is pre-calculated and used to derive a desired amplitude scaling information for said determined first and second order statistics. Thereby, a low complexity method for blind amplitude estimation for unknown data symbols distorted by an unknown amount of noise can be provided.

Abstract: A transmitter device comprises a digital part and an analog part. The digital part comprises a digital modulator for receiving bits and for digitally modulating the received bits. The transmitter device includes first and second digital-to-analog converters. The transmitter device furthermore comprises at least one filter unit arranged in the digital part and coupled between at least one of the first and second digital-to-analog converters and the digital modulator. A table unit is coupled to the at least one filter unit and is used to store pre-defined compensation filter values for the at least one filter unit to compensate different delay mismatches in the analog part of the transmitter device. The filter values of the at least one filter unit are set to those compensation filter values as stored in the table unit (TU) which correspond to a determined delay mismatch.

Abstract: A signal scaling device (D), for a transmission path of a wireless communication equipment, comprises a processing means (PM) adapted to receive a phase and/or amplitude modulated signal (I/Q) to transmit, and arranged to multiply said phase and/or amplitude modulated signal with a chosen complex gain in order to output said phase and/or amplitude modulated signal with a chosen scaled amplitude and a chosen phase offset.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a frequency or a phase of a measuring signal, wherein the frequency (fg) or the phase (?g) are estimated by approximating the relationship between a collecting clock (c) and a gating clock (g) based on a non-linear step-shaped function. Thereby, the estimation error can be improved with almost negligible complexity increase in signal processing.

Abstract: A transmitter device is provided which comprises a digital part (DP) and an analog part (AP). The transmitter device furthermore comprises a digital modulator (DM) in the digital part (DP) for receiving bits (MB) and for digitally modulating the receiving bits (MB). A first (IDAC; RDAC) and second digital-to-analog converter (QDAC; ODAC) are provided. The transmitter device furthermore comprises at least one filter unit (H1; HQ; H1) which is arranged in the digital part (DP) and which is coupled between the first and/or second digital-to-analog converter (IDAC; QDAC) and the digital modulator (DM). A table unit (TU) is coupled to the at least one filter unit (H1; HQ) and is used to store pre-defined compensation filter values for the at least one filter unit (H1; HQ) which are required to compensate different delay mismatches in the analog part (AP) of the transmitter device.

Abstract: Modulator system (1) comprising modulators (2, 3, 4) for modulating input signals (A) according to different modulation schemes (8PSK, GMSK) cause discontinuities in the output signals (F) when switching between the schemes. By providing the modulator systems (1) with compensators (13, 22-26) for compensating amplitudes/phases of the output signals (F) of the modulator system (1) for discontinuities, these discontinuities resulting from modulation scheme changes are reduced to a large extent. This may be done before/after the pulse shapers (11, 21). The compensators (13, 22-26) comprise multipliers for multiplying pulse shaped modulated signals with complex valued waveforms (E), or for multiplying modulated signals with waveforms (S, T), or for multiplying complex valued signals (B, C, D) with complex valued phase offsets (X, Y, Z), which complex valued signals (B, C, D) are to be multiplied with mapped input signals.

Abstract: A receiver apparatus and method are provided blind amplitude estimation for a received complex signal, wherein the complex signal is analyzed to determine first and second order statistics of real part and imaginary part of the complex signal. Based on a predetermined non-linear function, amplitude scaling information is pre-calculated and used to derive a desired amplitude scaling information for said determined first and second order statistics. Thereby, a low complexity method for blind amplitude estimation for unknown data symbols distorted by an unknown amount of noise can be provided.

Abstract: A signal scaling device (D), for a transmission path of a wireless communication equipment, comprises a processing means (PM) adapted to receive a phase and/or amplitude modulated signal (I/Q) to transmit, and arranged to multiply said phase and/or amplitude modulated signal with a chosen complex gain in order to output said phase and/or amplitude modulated signal with a chosen scaled amplitude and a chosen phase offset.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for re-configuration of a hardware peripheral, and a system that includes the hardware peripheral. Processing of large amounts of data in a multifunctional environment in a processor system is enabled in a flexible way by employing a re-configurable and autonomous operating hardware peripheral, which receives and, if necessary, sends data independently of a processor by use of DMA channels. Furthermore, the re-configuration method enables flexible assembling and storing of at least one set of configuration parameters used for the re-configuration of the hardware peripheral. The present disclosure provides the advantage of a flexible and fast way of handling large amounts of temporary data independently of a processor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a frequency or a phase of a measuring signal, wherein the frequency (fg) or the phase (?g) are estimated by approximating the relationship between a collecting clock (c) and a gating clock (g) based on a non-linear step-shaped function. Thereby, the estimation error can be improved with almost negligible complexity increase in signal processing.

Abstract: Modulator system (1) comprising modulators (2, 3, 4) for modulating input signals (A) according to different modulation schemes (8PSK, GMSK) cause discontinuities in the output signals (F) when switching between the schemes. By providing the modulator systems (1) with compensators (13, 22-26) for compensating amplitudes/phases of the output signals (F) of the modulator system (1) for discontinuities, these discontinuities resulting from modulation scheme changes are reduced to a large extent. This may be done before/after the pulse shapers (11, 21). The compensators (13, 22-26) comprise multipliers for multiplying pulse shaped modulated signals with complex valued waveforms (E), or for multiplying modulated signals with waveforms (S, T), or for multiplying complex valued signals (B, C, D) with complex valued phase offsets (X, Y, Z), which complex valued signals (B, C, D) are to be multiplied with mapped input signals.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus (1) comprises a digital modulator (2), wherein the modulator is adapted to output a digital in-phase signal and a digital quadrature signal. The digital in-phase signal is converted to an analog in-phase signal and further processed in a path (31) for the in-phase signal, and a digital quadrature signal is converted in an analog quadrature signal and further processed in a path (34) for the quadrature signal. Thereby, an amplitude and delay mismatch in the path can occur. With the transmitter apparatus (1) of the invention the amplitude and delay mismatch can be measured. Further, an amplitude correction unit (43) is adapted for correcting the amplitude mismatch and a delay unit (3) is adapted to correct the delay mismatch. Further refinements of the amplitude and delay mismatch can be made with one or more predetermined test signals generated by a test signal generating unit (30).

Abstract: In a transmitting/receiving concept a redundancy-adding encoder is used in order to obtain two data streams for different transmitters. In the receiver, the receiving signal is sampled by a first sampler synchronous to the first transmitter and is output by a second sampler synchronous to the second transmitter in order to obtain a first and a second receiving signal which are fed to a trellis decoder to obtain a decoded first and second receiving subgroup of code units which are again fed to a calculating means in order to calculate the interference signals which are then combined with the corresponding receiving signals for an interference reduction. The iterative concept enables an interference reduction for receiving signal generated by two spatially separated transmitters. The receiver concept shows a quick convergence and thus enables the two transmitters to transmit in the same frequency band.

Abstract: In a transmitting/receiving concept a redundancy-adding encoder with a code rate larger or equal 0.5 is used in order to obtain two data streams for two different transmitters which are arranged at spatially different positions. Both transmitters transmit in the same frequency band. In the receiver, the receiving signal is sampled by a first sampler synchronous to the first transmitter and is output by a second sampler synchronous to the second transmitter in order to obtain a first and a second receiving signal which are fed to a trellis decoder in order to obtain a decoded first and second receiving subgroup of code units which are again fed to a calculating means in order to calculate the interference signals which are then combined with the corresponding receiving signals for an interference reduction. The iterative concept enables an interference reduction for receiving signal generated by two spatially separated transmitters which are transmitting in the same frequency band, however.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel peptide isolated from the venom of the spider Grammostola spatulata which peptide has antiarrhthymic activity. The invention also provides methods of treating arrhthymia comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of the peptide. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of mediating hypotonic cell swelling induced calcium increase in cells.