Abstract: Techniques for predicting a pair of an enzyme primary sequence and a substrate, and interaction probability for the pair are described. An exemplary method includes receiving a request to predict a pair of an enzyme primary sequence and a substrate, and interaction probability for the pair; combining an enzyme vector, a substrate vector, and an interaction indication for the enzyme and substrate to form a machine learning model input; applying a machine learning model to the machine learning model input to predict the pair of an enzyme primary sequence and a substrate, and interaction probability for the pair; and outputting a result of the application of the machine learning model including the predicted pair of an enzyme primary sequence and a substrate, and interaction probability for the pair.

Abstract: Techniques for predicting a protein sequence are described. An exemplary method includes receiving a request to predict a missing area of a protein's primary sequence and a corresponding three-dimensional position of the missing area; applying a machine learning model to backbone Cartesian coordinates of the protein's primary sequence and a protein vector of a representation of the protein's primary sequence including the missing area to predict a missing area of the protein primary sequence and a corresponding three-dimensional position for the missing area, wherein the machine learning model is selected from the group consisting of: an attention-based machine learning model, a bidirectional long short term memory-based model, and a convolutional neural network-based model; and outputting a result of the machine learning model.

Abstract: A method of, and module for, converting position or momentum correlation of correlated photon pairs to a polarization entangled photon pair, and a source for polarization entangled photon pairs. The method comprises a conversion step of separating the correlated photon pairs into first and second groups based on their generated position at the crystal (position correlation) or their direction about the propagation axis (momentum correlation) and rotating a polarization of the first correlated photon pair group such that the polarization of the first correlated pair group is at 90 degrees relative to the polarization of the second correlated photon pair group; and a combining step of combining the first and second correlated photon pairs such that at least respective portions of respective spatial distributions of the first and second photon pair groups overlap with negligible wavelength dependent phase difference.

Abstract: A method of, and module for, converting position or momentum correlation of correlated photon pairs to a polarization entangled photon pair, and a source for polarization entangled photon pairs. The method comprises a conversion step of separating the correlated photon pairs into first and second groups based on their generated position at the crystal (position correlation) or their direction about the propagation axis (momentum correlation) and rotating a polarization of the first correlated photon pair group such that the polarization of the first correlated pair group is at 90 degrees relative to the polarization of the second correlated photon pair group; and a combining step of combining the first and second correlated photon pairs such that at least respective portions of respective spatial distributions of the first and second photon pair groups overlap with negligible wavelength dependent phase difference.

Abstract: A method of key distribution, a key distribution system, a single photon source system and a method of generating single photons. The method of key distribution comprises the steps of: providing a free space optics, FSO, link between a transmitter and a receiver; detecting whether an eavesdropper is present along the FSO link; transmitting individual photons or weak coherent pulses, as an approximation of individual photons, each encoding a basic unit of the key according to a binary or higher number base system from the transmitter to the receiver; and comparing timing information associated with the transmission and reception of the individual photons for determining the key when it is detected that no eavesdropper is present along the FSO link.

Abstract: A method and circuit for operating a liquid crystal device, LCD, based polarisation rotator. The method comprises the steps of tracking a capacitance value of the LCD rotator; and controlling a driver setting to the LCD rotator based on the tracked capacitance value to achieve temperature independent operation.

Abstract: A random number generator, RNG, a method of fabricating the same, and a method of generating a random number. The RNG, comprises at least one first avalanche photodiode, APD, configured for producing “1” events based on dark electron initiated avalanches in the first APD; at least one second avalanche photodiode, APD, configured for producing “0” events based on dark electron initiated avalanches in the second APD; and a feedback circuit configured for substantially evening out the respective numbers of generated avalanches in the first and second APDs by independently controlling respective dynamic bias voltages of the first and second APDs.

Abstract: A method of key distribution, a key distribution system, a single photon source system and a method of generating single photons. The method of key distribution comprises the steps of: providing a free space optics, FSO, link between a transmitter and a receiver; detecting whether an eavesdropper is present along the FSO link; transmitting individual photons or weak coherent pulses, as an approximation of individual photons, each encoding a basic unit of the key according to a binary or higher number base system from the transmitter to the receiver; and comparing timing information associated with the transmission and reception of the individual photons for determining the key when it is detected that no eavesdropper is present along the FSO link.

Abstract: A random number generator, RNG, a method of fabricating the same, and a method of generating a random number. The RNG, comprises at least one first avalanche photodiode, APD, configured for producing “1” events based on dark electron initiated avalanches in the first APD; at least one second avalanche photodiode, APD, configured for producing “0” events based on dark electron initiated avalanches in the second APD; and a feedback circuit configured for substantially evening out the respective numbers of generated avalanches in the first and second APDs by independently controlling respective dynamic bias voltages of the first and second APDs.

Abstract: A method and circuit for operating a liquid crystal device, LCD, based polarisation rotator. The method comprises the steps of tracking a capacitance value of the LCD rotator; and controlling a driver setting to the LCD rotator based on the tracked capacitance value to achieve temperature independent operation.