Abstract: A driver training system includes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a processor and a memory communicably coupled to the processor and storing a UAV control module including computer-readable instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to control operation of a driver training interface operably connected to the UAV to communicate driving instruction information in a manner configured to be perceptible by a human driver in a driver training vehicle following behind the UAV.

Abstract: A micromirror array comprises a substrate, a plurality of mirrors for reflecting incident light and, for each mirror of the plurality of mirrors, at least one multilayer piezoelectric actuator for displacing the mirror, wherein the at least one multilayer piezoelectric actuator is connected to the substrate, and wherein the at least one multilayer piezoelectric actuator comprises a plurality of piezoelectric layers of piezoelectric material interleaved with a plurality of electrode layers to form a stack of layers. Also disclosed is a method of forming such a micromirror array. The micromirror array may be used in a programmable illuminator. The programmable illuminator may be used in a lithographic apparatus and/or in an inspection and/or metrology apparatus.

Abstract: A micromirror array comprises a substrate, a plurality of mirrors for reflecting incident light and, for each mirror of the plurality of mirrors, at least one piezoelectric actuator for displacing the mirror, wherein the at least one piezoelectric actuator is connected to the substrate. The micromirror array further comprises one or more pillars connecting the mirror to the at least one piezoelectric actuator. Also disclosed is a method of forming such a micromirror array. The micromirror array may be used in a programmable illuminator. The programmable illuminator may be used in a lithographic apparatus and/or in an inspection and/or metrology apparatus.

Abstract: A pellicle membrane for use in a lithographic apparatus, the pellicle membrane characterized by in plane variation in composition is described. A method of manufacturing a pellicle membrane, the method including: providing a first material layer on a sacrificial layer on a substrate; providing a photoresist layer on the first material layer; patterning the photoresist layer; etching the first material layer to form a patterned surface; and either i) depositing a layer of a second material on the patterned surface and subsequently lifting off the portion of the second material deposited on the patterned photoresist layer, or ii) removing the remaining photoresist layer, depositing a layer of a second material on the patterned surface, and subsequently planarizing the surface.

Abstract: An optical element for a lithographic apparatus, the optical element including an anchor layer selected to support a top layer having self-terminating growth in an operating lithographic apparatus or plasma containing environment. Also described is a method of manufacturing an optical element, the method including depositing a top layer on anchor layer via exposure to plasma, preferably electromagnetically induced plasma. Lithographic apparatuses including such optical elements are also described.

Abstract: A pellicle membrane for a lithographic apparatus, the membrane including a matrix including a plurality of inclusions distributed therein. A method of manufacturing the pellicle membrane, a lithographic apparatus including the pellicle membrane, a pellicle assembly for use in a lithographic apparatus including the membrane, as well as the use of the pellicle membrane in a lithographic apparatus or method.

Abstract: A catalyst including: a first layer including a transition metal; a base layer; and an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is disposed between the base layer and the first layer is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for preparing a catalyst as well as for synthesizing graphene, a pellicle produced using the catalyst or methods disclosed herein, as well as a lithography apparatus including such a pellicle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for forming a patterned layer of material are disclosed. In one arrangement, a selected portion of a surface of a substrate is irradiated during a deposition process, the irradiation being such as to locally drive the deposition process in the selected portion to form a layer of deposited material in a pattern defined by the selected portion. The deposited material is annealed to modify the deposited material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a membrane assembly for EUV lithography, the method including: providing a stack including: at least one membrane layer supported by a planar substrate, wherein the planar substrate has an inner region and a border region around the inner region; and a first sacrificial layer between the planar substrate and the membrane layer; selectively removing the inner region of the planar substrate such that the membrane assembly has: a membrane formed from the at least one membrane layer, and a border holding the membrane, the border having the border region of the planar substrate and the first sacrificial layer situated between the border region and the membrane layer, wherein the selectively removing the inner region of the planar substrate includes using an etchant which has a similar etch rate for the membrane layer and its oxide and a substantially different etch rate for the first sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A catalyst including: a first layer including a transition metal; a base layer; and an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is disposed between the base layer and the first layer is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for preparing a catalyst as well as for synthesizing graphene, a pellicle produced using the catalyst or methods disclosed herein, as well as a lithography apparatus including such a pellicle.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that are effective as inhibitors of human plasmin and plasma kallikrein, and that are useful for the prevention of blood loss and as components of fibrin adhesives. The invention further provides methods of making and using the compounds.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions comprising the following components: a) 3 to 91.7 wt % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate, as component A b) 3 to 91.7 wt % of one or more styrene copolymers, as component B c) 3 to 91.7 wt % of one or more impact-modifying grafted rubbers without olefinic double bonding in the rubber plase, as component C, and also d) 0.2 to 0.9 wt % of a compound of formula (I), as component D: e) 0 to 0.9 wt % of a mixture of formula (II), as component E: n=2 to 20 f) 0 to 0.9 wt % of a triazine stabilizer, and also, optionally further components, with the proviso that when component E amounts to 0 wt %, at least one further stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.9 wt %, have good weathering properties.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that are effective as inhibitors of human plasmin and plasma kallikrein, and that are useful for the prevention of blood loss and as components of fibrin adhesives. The invention further provides methods of making and using the compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula 1 to processes for the production thereof, to pharmaceutical preparations containing said compounds and/or physiologically compatible salts and/or solvates which can be produced therefrom as well as to the pharmaceutical use of said compounds, the salts or solvates thereof as inductors of apoptosis in the case of non-solid malignant tumors of the hematopoietic system, in particular in the case of leukemias and lymphomas, more particularly in the case of leukemic B lymphocytes.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that are effective as inhibitors of human plasmin and plasma kallikrein, and that are useful for the prevention of blood loss and as components of fibrin adhesives. The invention further provides methods of making and using the compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases, including those of the general formula (IV) which, as well as plasmin, also inhibit plasma kallikrien, and to their use as medicaments, preferably for treatment of blood loss, especially in the case of hyperfibrinolytic states, in organ transplants or heart surgery interventions, in particular with a cardiopulmonary bypass, or as a constituent of a fibrin adhesive.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of making and using compounds of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein n is an integer between 1 and 2 inclusively; m is an integer between 0 and 2 inclusively; X is selected from the group consisting of CH or N; R1 is selected from the group consisting of —CH2NH2, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —NH2 and acetyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, benzyloxycarbonyl and benzylsulfonyl; and R4 is selected from the group consisting of —OH, wherein p is an integer between 0 and 2 inclusively, Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —S(?O)—, —SO2—, methylene, —CH(OH)—, —CH(NH2)—, —CH(CH2—OH)—, —CH(CH2—NH2)— or —N(R6)—, R5 is selected from the group consisting of —H or a simple (C1-C3) alkyl and R6 is selected from the group consisting of —H, a simple (C1-C3) alkyl or a simple (C1-C3) acyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases of the general formula (I) which, as well as plasmin, also inhibit plasma kallikrein, and to their preparation and use as medicaments, preferably for treatment of blood loss, especially in the case of hyperfibrinolytic states, in organ transplants or heart surgery interventions, in particular with a cardiopulmonary bypass, or as a constituent of a fibrin adhesive.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of making and using compounds of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein n is an integer between 1 and 2 inclusively; m is an integer between 0 and 2 inclusively; X is selected from the group consisting of CH or N; R1 is selected from the group consisting of —CH2NH2, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —NH2 and acetyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, benzyloxycarbonyl and benzylsulfonyl; and R4 is selected from the group consisting of —OH, wherein p is an integer between 0 and 2 inclusively, Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —S(?O)—, —SO2—, methylene, —CH(OH)—, —CH(NH2)—, —CH(CH2—OH)—, —CH(CH2—NH2)— or —N(R6)—, R5 is selected from the group consisting of —H or a simple (C1-C3) alkyl and R6 is selected from the group consisting of —H, a simple (C1-C3) alkyl or a simple (C1-C3) acyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases of the general formula (I) which, as well as plasmin, also inhibit plasma kallikrein, and to their preparation and use as medicaments, preferably for treatment of blood loss, especially in the case of hyperfibrinolytic states, in organ transplants or heart surgery interventions, in particular with a cardiopulmonary bypass, or as a constituent of a fibrin adhesive.