Abstract: A fluid disinfector includes one or more disinfection units connected in series along a flow path of a fluid to be disinfected so that the fluid to be disinfected can only enter one disinfection unit after exiting from an adjacent preceding disinfection unit. The disinfection unit includes a matter layer, a light layer and a germicidal light source for generating germicidal light. The matter layer is made of porous material having a first surface to receive the fluid to be disinfected and to intercept and capture pathogens from the fluid to be disinfected; the light layer is a space permeable to the fluid and transparent to the germicidal light. When in operation, the light layer contains the germicidal light impinging on the first surface of the matter layer.

Abstract: A high-power light-emitting diode is made by monolithically integrating multiple miniature light-emitting chips for improved operation voltage, light extraction efficiency and device yield. The light emitting diode includes a plurality of monolithically integrated mini chips, each of the mini chips has a mini n-contact formed on an n-type structure, a mini p-ohmic contact formed on a p-type structure, and a mini light emitting area defined by the mini p-ohmic contact. An n-bridge metal electrically connecting the mini n-contact of the mini chips to an n-bonding pad, the n-bridge metal is formed on the p-type structure and on sidewall of an opening in the p-type structure and on the active-region.

Abstract: A light emitting device with on-chip optical power readout includes a light emitting mesa and a light detecting mesa formed adjacent to each other on the same substrate of a chip, and a portion of the light emitted from the light emitting mesa is transmitted to the light detecting mesa at least through the substrate. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa have exactly the same epitaxial structure and can be electrically isolated from each other by an insulation layer, or an airgap formed therebetween, or by ion implantation. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa can also share an n-type structure and a common n-electrode while having their own p-electrode, respectively.

Abstract: A light emitting device with on-chip optical power readout includes a light emitting mesa and a light detecting mesa formed adjacent to each other on the same substrate of a chip, and a portion of the light emitted from the light emitting mesa is transmitted to the light detecting mesa at least through the substrate. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa have exactly the same epitaxial structure and can be electrically isolated from each other by an insulation layer, or an airgap formed therebetween, or by ion implantation. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa can also share an n-type structure and a common n-electrode while having their own p-electrode, respectively.

Abstract: A monolithic multi-chip-collective light emitting diode includes: an n-type structure, a p-type structure, and an active-region sandwiched between the n-type structure and the p-type structure; a plurality of monolithically integrated mini chips, wherein each of the mini chips comprises a mini n-contact formed on the n-type structure which is exposed by an opening in the p-type structure and the active-region, a mini p-ohmic contact formed on the p-type structure, and a mini light emitting area defined by the mini p-ohmic contact; an n-bridge metal electrically connecting the mini n-contact of each of the mini chips to an n-bonding pad, wherein the n-bridge metal is formed on the p-type structure and on sidewall of the opening in the p-type structure and the active-region.

Abstract: A light emitting device with on-chip optical power readout includes a light emitting mesa and a light detecting mesa formed adjacent to each other on the same substrate of a chip, and a portion of the light emitted from the light emitting mesa is transmitted to the light detecting mesa at least through the substrate. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa have exactly the same epitaxial structure and can be electrically isolated from each other by an insulation layer, or an airgap formed therebetween, or by ion implantation. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa can also share an n-type structure and a common n-electrode while having their own p-electrode, respectively.

Abstract: A light emitting device with on-chip optical power readout includes a light emitting mesa and a light detecting mesa formed adjacent to each other on the same substrate of a chip, and a portion of the light emitted from the light emitting mesa is transmitted to the light detecting mesa at least through the substrate. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa have exactly the same epitaxial structure and can be electrically isolated from each other by an insulation layer, or an airgap formed therebetween, or by ion implantation. The light emitting mesa and the light detecting mesa can also share an n-type structure and a common n-electrode while having their own p-electrode, respectively.

Abstract: A contact to a semiconductor layer in a light emitting structure is provided. The contact can include a plurality of contact areas formed of a metal and separated by a set of voids. The contact areas can be separated from one another by a characteristic distance selected based on a set of attributes of a semiconductor contact structure of the contact and a characteristic contact length scale of the contact. The voids can be configured to increase an overall reflectivity or transparency of the contact.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer including a plurality of inhomogeneous regions is provided. Each inhomogeneous region has one or more attributes that differ from a material forming the semiconductor layer. The inhomogeneous regions can include one or more regions configured based on radiation having a target wavelength. These regions can include transparent and/or reflective regions. The inhomogeneous regions also can include one or more regions having a higher conductivity than a conductivity of the radiation-based regions, e.g., at least ten percent higher. In one embodiment, the semiconductor layer is used to form an optoelectronic device.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer including a plurality of inhomogeneous regions is provided. Each inhomogeneous region has one or more attributes that differ from a material forming the semiconductor layer. The inhomogeneous regions can include one or more regions configured based on radiation having a target wavelength. These regions can include transparent and/or reflective regions. The inhomogeneous regions also can include one or more regions having a higher conductivity than a conductivity of the radiation-based regions, e.g., at least ten percent higher.

Abstract: A contact to a semiconductor layer in a light emitting structure is provided. The contact can include a plurality of contact areas formed of a metal and separated by a set of voids. The contact areas can be separated from one another by a characteristic distance selected based on a set of attributes of a semiconductor contact structure of the contact and a characteristic contact length scale of the contact. The voids can be configured to increase an overall reflectivity or transparency of the contact.

Abstract: A template for a semiconductor device is made by providing an AGN substrate, growing a first layer of Group III nitrides on the substrate, depositing a thin metal layer on the first layer, annealing the metal such as gold so that it agglomerates to form a pattern of islands on the first layer; transferring the pattern into the first layer by etching then removing excess metal; and then depositing a second Group III nitride layer on the first layer. The second layer, through lateral overgrowth, coalesces over the gaps in the island pattern leaving a smooth surface with low defect density. A Group III semiconductor device may then be grown on the template, which may then be removed. Chlorine gas may be used for etching the pattern in the first layer and the remaining gold removed with aqua regia.

Abstract: A contact including an ohmic layer and a reflective layer located on the ohmic layer is provided. The ohmic layer is transparent to radiation having a target wavelength, while the reflective layer is at least approximately eighty percent reflective of radiation having the target wavelength. The target wavelength can be ultraviolet light, e.g., having a wavelength within a range of wavelengths between approximately 260 and approximately 360 nanometers.

Abstract: A contact to a semiconductor layer in a light emitting structure is provided. The contact can include a plurality of contact areas formed of a metal and separated by a set of voids. The contact areas can be separated from one another by a characteristic distance selected based on a set of attributes of a semiconductor contact structure of the contact and a characteristic contact length scale of the contact. The voids can be configured to increase an overall reflectivity or transparency of the contact.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer including a plurality of inhomogeneous regions is provided. Each inhomogeneous region has one or more attributes that differ from a material forming the semiconductor layer. The inhomogeneous regions can include one or more regions configured based on radiation having a target wavelength. These regions can include transparent and/or reflective regions. The inhomogeneous regions also can include one or more regions having a higher conductivity than a conductivity of the radiation-based regions, e.g., at least ten percent higher.

Abstract: A contact including an ohmic layer and a reflective layer located on the ohmic layer is provided. The ohmic layer is transparent to radiation having a target wavelength, while the reflective layer is at least approximately eighty percent reflective of radiation having the target wavelength. The target wavelength can be ultraviolet light, e.g., having a wavelength within a range of wavelengths between approximately 260 and approximately 360 nanometers.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer including a plurality of inhomogeneous regions is provided. Each inhomogeneous region has one or more attributes that differ from a material forming the semiconductor layer. The inhomogeneous regions can include one or more regions configured based on radiation having a target wavelength. These regions can include transparent and/or reflective regions. The inhomogeneous regions also can include one or more regions having a higher conductivity than a conductivity of the radiation-based regions, e.g., at least ten percent higher.

Abstract: A contact to a semiconductor layer in a light emitting structure is provided. The contact can include a plurality of contact areas formed of a metal and separated by a set of voids. The contact areas can be separated from one another by a characteristic distance selected based on a set of attributes of a semiconductor contact structure of the contact and a characteristic contact length scale of the contact. The voids can be configured to increase an overall reflectivity or transparency of the contact.

Abstract: A semiconductor layer including a plurality of inhomogeneous regions is provided. Each inhomogeneous region has one or more attributes that differ from a material forming the semiconductor layer. The inhomogeneous regions can include one or more regions configured based on radiation having a target wavelength. These regions can include transparent and/or reflective regions. The inhomogeneous regions also can include one or more regions having a higher conductivity than a conductivity of the radiation-based regions, e.g., at least ten percent higher. In one embodiment, the semiconductor layer is used to form an optoelectronic device.

Abstract: A contact to a semiconductor layer in a light emitting structure is provided. The contact can include a plurality of contact areas formed of a metal and separated by a set of voids. The contact areas can be separated from one another by a characteristic distance selected based on a set of attributes of a semiconductor contact structure of the contact and a characteristic contact length scale of the contact. The voids can be configured to increase an overall reflectivity or transparency of the contact.