Abstract: The invention relates to a multipath propagation delay determining means (STU, FIGS. 6, 7) for determining a power delay spectrum (DPS) of a CDMA signal transmission between a CDMA base station (BS) and a CDMA mobile station (MS) on a plurality of propagation paths (P1, P2) within a cell (CL) of a CDMA communication system, comprising an A/D conversion means (A/D) for converting an analog CDMA multipath signal (S1, S2) received from at least one antenna (Ant1, Ant2) within said cell (CL) into a digital CDMA multipath signal (S1, S2) consisting of consecutive radio frames (RF1 . . . RFn) including consecutive time slots (TS1 . . . TSm) with complex pilot symbols (PSi) and data symbols (Pdi), a demultiplexing means (PI-DEMUX) for extracting complex pilot symbols (PSi) and data symbols (PDi) from at least two consecutive time slots (TSk−1, TSk, TSk+1) of each radio frame (RFn) and for storing them consecutively in a memory means (BUF) thereof; and a searching means (S1 . . .

Abstract: A process for purification by multistage countercurrent extraction of wet-process phosphoric acid includes the steps of (a) preparing an aqueous phosphoric acid by decomposition of crude phosphates with sulfuric acid and prepurification thereof; (b) providing an organic solvent mixture consisting of one of (A) a water immiscible solvent and a fully water-miscible solvent or (B) a partially water-miscible solvent and a fully water-miscible solvent; (c) extracting water from the acid by contacting with the solvent mixture in a volumetric ratio of acid to solvent mixture of 1:1 to 1:10 at a temperature of 5 to 90° C.; (d) recovering the fully water-miscible solvent by distillation and washing; (e) recycling the fully water-miscible solvent to step (b) to provide a recycled solvent mixture; and (f) repeating steps (c), (d) and (e) with the recycled solvent mixture to provide a phosphoric acid having a preselected degree of purity.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydroxyapatite, which is suitable as a tooth-cleaning substance, by precipitation from aqueous phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide solution, in which a calcium-doped phosphoric acid solution is fed to an intensive mixer with a suspension of calcium hydroxide/oxide in a molar ratio of Ca:P=1.667 corresponding to the hydroxyapatite of and reacted there at precipitation temperatures of 60.degree.-100.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-90.degree. C. and a pH of 4-8, preferably of 6.5-7.5. Also disclosed in a tooth-cleaning substance containing the hydroxyapatite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the production of coarse-grained dicalcium phosphate anhydride, at least 95% of which consists of particles with a grain diameter of >45 .mu.m, wherein, at a temperature of 60.degree. to 100.degree. C., a highly reactive calcium component, for example freshly slaked milk of lime or an aqueous slurry or suspension of calcium hydroxide and/or calcium carbonate, is introduced directly into the stirrer zones of a vessel containing aqueous phosphoric acid and having one or more turbulent stirrer zones. An equivalent amount of aqueous phosphoric acid is introduced into another zone of the vessel, the speed of introduction being so regulated that a pH value of 3.0 to 4.5 is obtained in the stirrer zone and the whole batch or a continuously or semi-continuously removed part thereof is cooled to 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. The removed part then is mixed with an additional calcium component, for example milk of lime, to obtain a pH value of from 5.5 to 6.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of alkali metal monofluorophosphates is disclosed. The apparatus includes a melting crucible of a platinum/rhodium alloy, devices for feeding the alkali metal fluoride and alkali metal metaphosphate or alkali metal polyphosphate raw materials into the upper part of the crucible, an outflow orifice for molten alkali metal fluorophosphate in the bottom of the crucible, a corresponding discharge orifice in the furnace, and a cooling arrangement, wherein a direct voltage is applied between the cooling arrangement and the melting crucible which is connected as the anode.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of Maddrell's salt, wherein solid sodium dihydrogen phosphate and/or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, containing catalytic amounts of an acid or of an acid-generating compound statistically distributed therein, is brought to condensation at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for making mixed granulates from water-soluble condensed phosphates and at least one builder salt by subjecting the components making the granulate to granulation in the presence of water. To this end, the disclosure provides:(a) for water to be sprayed on to a mixture of the condensed phosphate, the builder salt and an ammonium polyphosphate as a binder, and for the mixture to be granulated, or(b) for an aqueous solution or suspension of ammonium polyphosphate to be sprayed on to the mixture of condensed phosphate and builder salt, and for the mixture to be granulated.

Abstract: The disclosure provides activated ammonium polyphosphate undergoing decomposition at an increased rate at temperatures within the range 300.degree. to 600.degree. C., the ammonium polyphosphate having been obtained by reacting it with melamine and/or dicyandiamide or their derivatives at 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making linear, substantially water-insoluble ammonium polyphosphates of the general formula (NH.sub.4 PO.sub.3).sub.10-1000 by heating and continuously mixing phosphorus pentoxide and ammonium orthophosphate in the presence of ammonia and tempering the resulting reaction product over a period of several hours at 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of ammonia. To this end, the phosphorus pentoxide and ammonium orthophosphate are subjected at 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the continuous dearsenification of polyphosphoric acid with the aid of hydrogen sulfide in a gas admission zone. To this end, the disclosure provides for the acid to be dearsenified in a gas admission zone subdivided so as to comprise at least two separate liquid matter-receiving zones, each zone being separated from the other by means of a separate gas zone; for the liquid in each of the liquid matter-receiving zones to be maintained at a level 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making long chain ammonium polyphosphate consisting essentially of crystalline modification II. To this end, a mixture of phosphorus pentoxide and ammonium orthophosphate in a molar ratio of 1:0.9 to 1:1.1 is reacted with 0.1 to 15 mol % of melamine or its condensation products selected from melam, melem or mellon, calculated as melamine, at a temperature within the range 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of an excess of ammonia and the reaction product is heat-treated at temperatures within the range 200.degree. to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making granulated, partially or completely hydrated alkali metal diphosphates or triphosphates. To this end, the invention provides for alkali metal diphosphates or triphosphates which consist to an extent of at least 20% of particles with a size of less than 0.045 mm and are hydrated to an extent of less than 90%, based on the phosphates' theoretical content of water of hydration, to be intensively mixed and granulated in the presence of water and an ammonium polyphosphate, this latter being used in a proportion of about 0.5 to 50 weight %, based on the quantity of water used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting water-soluble, condensed phosphates of the following general formula (I)M.sub.2 O(MPO.sub.3).sub.n (I)in which M stands for sodium, potassium or ammonium and n stands for a number between 4 and about 100, to granulate, wherein the pulverulent, water-soluble, condensed phosphate is thoroughly agitated and granulated in the presence of water and of a phosphate salt other than the condensed phosphate. More specifically, the condensed phosphate of general formula (I) or a mixture of the phosphate with an anhydrous or partially hydrated alkali metal phosphate is thoroughly agitated and granulated in the presence of water and an ammonium polyphosphate of the following general formula (II)H.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1 (II)in which n stands for an integral average value of 3 to 1000, m stands for a whole number of up to n+2, and the m/n-ratio is between about 1.0 and 1.67.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a granulate with a particle size essentially of about 0.2 to 2 mm consisting of(a) about 2 to 95 weight % of a partially or completely hydrated pentasodium tripolyphosphate,(b) less than 3 weight % of an ammonium polyphosphate and the balance(c) being in the form of a water-insoluble aluminum silicate ion exchanging material.The granulate can be used in detergents.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making granulated, hydrated alkali metal orthophosphates. To this end, the disclosure provides for one or more anhydrous or partially hydrated alkali metal orthophosphates presenting a degree of hydration of less than 90%, based on the theoretically possible degree of hydration, and containing an at least 20% proportion of particles with a size of less than 0.045 mm, to be intensively mixed and granulated with water and an ammonium polyphosphate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a finely dispersed, sparingly soluble salt of an oxyacid of phosphorus, having a maximum particle size of 20 .mu.m, by reacting a compound of a divalent metal with the oxyacid of phosphorus or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof. More particularly, finely dispersed salt consisting to an extent of at least 90% of particles with a size between 0.05 and 7 .mu.m is made. To this end, an at least 5% by weight aqueous solution or suspension of a compound of a divalent metal selected from the group Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Sn, Co and Ni is reacted, while maintaining a pH range of between 3 and 9 and while stirring, with an at least 2 mol % solution of at least one trivalent metal selected from the group Al, Fe and Cr in the oxyacid of phosphorus and, optionally, with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or ammonium salt of the oxyacid of phosphorus, and the precipitated salt is separated off and dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to a corrosion-inhibiting active pigment for use in the surface protection of iron and iron alloys. The pigment consists of a mixture of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and zinc oxide. More specifically, the mixture contains 2 to 98 weight % of ZnO and 98 to 2 weight % of phosphate components. These in turn contain 3 to 97 weight % of CaHPO.sub.4 .multidot.2 H.sub.2 O and 97 to 3 weight % of MgHPO.sub.4 .multidot.3 H.sub.2 O. The active pigment is suitable for use in painting compositions or lacquers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of phosphorus-containing anticorrosive pigments with a particle size of at most 20 microns by reacting one or more calcium or magnesium compounds with phosphoric acid or acid alkali metal or ammonium phosphates by intimately mixing an aqueous suspension or solution of the reactants inside a dispersing means rotating at a speed of 3000 to 10,000 rpm. More particularly, fine pulverulent calcium and magnesium compounds are converted, with agitation, together with water and, if desired, a water-soluble alkanol to a homogeneous suspension or solution. The suspension or solution is intimately mixed, inside the dispersing means at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. and in an approximately stoichiometric ratio, with the phosphoric acid or acid phosphate solution. Resulting and precipitated pigment is separated and dried under mild conditions while maintaining its content of water of crystallization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making phosphorus-containing anticorrosive pigments having a size of at most 20 microns by reacting one or more compounds of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, aluminum, iron, chromium or manganese with an oxygen acid of phosphorus or its alkali metal or ammonium salts at temperatures within the range 10.degree. to 100.degree. C. More particularly pigments consisting to an extent of at least 90% of particles with a size between 0.05 and 8 microns are produced by introducing an aqueous suspension or solution of the reactants into a dispersing means rotating at a speed of 3000 to 10,000 rpm, reacting the reactants by intimately mixing them, and separating and drying precipitated pigment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for freeing aqueous phosphoric acid solutions from organic contaminants. To this end, the solutions are admixed and reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a noble metal or metal oxide being inert with respect to phosphoric acid or of a mixture of said noble metal and metal oxide.