Abstract: A method of providing vehicular navigation information includes providing a head unit embedded in a vehicle and configuring the head unit as a client device running an HTML-5 based navigation app. A smart phone is configured as a server device and linked to the head unit utilizing wireless local area network technologies. The wireless local area network technology may be Bluetooth. The smart phone transmits to the head unit via the wireless local area network technologies as needed a navigational map tile in vector format, a calculated route, and a proper subset of navigational raw voice guidance data stored on the smart phone. The HTML-5 based navigation app renders the navigational map tile and the calculated route geometry on a display of the head unit and the head unit plays at least a portion of the proper subset of the navigational raw voice guidance data through a speaker.

Abstract: A method of route planning and handling prohibited complex driving maneuvers is provided. An OPEN list and a CLOSED list of an A-Star algorithm are initiated. A first node from the OPEN list is selected as a processing node. One or multiple filtered complex maneuver restrictions of the first node are stored in a rule list before acquiring a second node connected to the processing node. The second node is added to the OPEN list when the second node is allowed to be selected according to the rule list.

Abstract: A method of providing vehicular navigation information includes providing a head unit embedded in a vehicle and configuring the head unit as a client device running an HTML-5 based navigation app. A smart phone is configured as a server device and linked to the head unit utilizing wireless local area network technologies. The wireless local area network technology may be Bluetooth. The smart phone transmits to the head unit via the wireless local area network technologies as needed a navigational map tile in vector format, a calculated route, and a proper subset of navigational raw voice guidance data stored on the smart phone. The HTML-5 based navigation app renders the navigational map tile and the calculated route geometry on a display of the head unit and the head unit plays at least a portion of the proper subset of the navigational raw voice guidance data through a speaker.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing optical carrierographic images of a semiconductor sample. Focused and spatially overlapped optical beams excite carriers across within the semiconductor sample, where the optical beams are modulated such that a beat frequency is substantially less than either modulation frequency. An infrared detector detects infrared radiation emitted from the semiconductor sample in response to absorption of the optical beams, thereby obtaining a plurality of carrierographic signals at different points in time during at least one beat period, which are processed with a lock-in amplifier, with a reference signal at the beat frequency, to obtain an amplitude signal and a phase signal. Carrierographic lock-in images of the sample are obtained in a scanning configuration, or in an imaging format using an imaging detector.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing optical carrierographic images of a semiconductor sample. Focused and spatially overlapped optical beams excite carriers across within the semiconductor sample, where the optical beams are modulated such that a beat frequency is substantially less than either modulation frequency. An infrared detector detects infrared radiation emitted from the semiconductor sample in response to absorption of the optical beams, thereby obtaining a plurality of carrierographic signals at different points in time during at least one beat period, which are processed with a lock-in amplifier, with a reference signal at the beat frequency, to obtain an amplitude signal and a phase signal. Carrierographic lock-in images of the sample are obtained in a scanning configuration, or in an imaging format using an imaging detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying water, that includes a frame, in connection with which is arranged a primary space for water to be filtered, secondary space for filtered water and a filter. The filter is arranged to filter water, that is driven by gravity from the primary space existing in the frame to the secondary space, wherein the filtering influence of the filter is based essentially on a thin filtering film made of plastic based material. Essentially underneath the primary space is arranged an accessory space for the filtering means, that is in connection with the primary space and that has an essentially smaller cross-section than the same, in order to keep the filter surrounded by unclean water in the auxiliary space of the primary space, being limited from the secondary space, totally separate from the secondary space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a purifying device for liquid, that has filtering means (1) in order to separate impurities in the liquid to be treated by mechanical filtration and purifying means (2), such as an activated carbon element or like, in order to eliminate impurities in the liquid to be treated by absorption or correspondingly, which means (1, 2) are arranged essentially built-in therein. The mechanical filtering means (1) are carried out by a thin filtering film (1a) made of plastic based material, such as PTM (Particle Track Membrane), TeM (Track-edge Membrane) or like, the porosity of which is 5-15%, the thickness preferably 10-25 &mgr;m and the size of pores 0,5 &mgr;m at its height.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying water, that includes a frame (1), in connection with which is arranged a primary space (1a) for water to be filtered, secondary space (1b) for filtered water and filtering means (2), which filtering means (2) are arranged to filter water, that is driven by gravity from the primary space (1a) existing in the frame to the secondary space (1b), wherein the filtering influence of the filtering means is based essentially on a thin filtering film (2a) made of plastic based material. Essentially underneath the primary space (1a) is arranged an accessory space (1a1) for the filtering means (2), that is in connection with the primary space and that has an essentially smaller cross-section than the same, in order to keep the filtering means (2) surrounded by unclean water in the auxiliary space (1a1) of the primary space (1a), being limited from the secondary space (1b), totally separate from the secondary space (1b).

Abstract: The water purification device includes at least a purification unit and a pipe unit. The water purification device is intended for purification of water being particularly in a storage, such as a container, a reservoir, a vessel or the like, by immersing the same at least partly into the water existing in the storage and by leading water away from the storage preferably from above into a collecting container placed essentially underneath the purification unit. A pipe connected to the purification unit is arranged to lead water by means of syphon principle, by influence of syphon pressure caused by the difference between the height of the purification unit and the collecting container. The filtering means include at least one thin filtering film, preferably made of plastic-based material, such as PTM (Particle Trade Membrane), TeM (track-etch Membrane) or the like, the thickness of which is preferably 7-25 micrometers and the size of pores is 0.05-10 micrometers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of liquid, that is meant particularly for filtering of pressurized liquid, such as water led from a water distribution system, by way of an apparatus, which has an essentially closed frame (1), in connection with which there has been arranged at least a filtering device (2) for purifying of liquid and a flow device (3), such as feed-flow and/or exhaust flow arrangements (3a, 3b) for leading of liquid. The filtering device (2) is made of thin filtering film (2a), advantageously made of plastic based material, such as PTM (Particle Track Membrane), TeM (Track-etch Membrane) or like, the thickness of which is preferably 7-25 &mgr;m and the size of pores of which is 0.05-10 &mgr;m. The filtering film (2a) belonging to a filtering device (2) are being purified essentially self-powered, such as by way of a purification device (5) exploiting the pressure (p) or the movement (v1) of the liquid to be treated and/or the liquid that has been treated.