Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons for imaging applications. Subtraction techniques are described to enhance the processing of the muon tomography data.

Abstract: A portal monitoring system has a cosmic ray charged particle tracker with a plurality of drift cells. The drift cells, which can be for example aluminum drift tubes, can be arranged at least above and below a volume to be scanned to thereby track incoming and outgoing charged particles, such as cosmic ray muons, whilst also detecting gamma rays. The system can selectively detect devices or materials, such as iron, lead, gold and/or tungsten, occupying the volume from multiple scattering of the charged particles passing through the volume and can also detect any radioactive sources occupying the volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom. If necessary, the drift tubes can be sealed to eliminate the need for a gas handling system. The system can be employed to inspect occupied vehicles at border crossings for nuclear threat objects.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons for imaging applications. Subtraction techniques are described to enhance the processing of the muon tomography data.

Abstract: A portal monitoring system has a cosmic ray charged particle tracker with a plurality of drift cells. The drift cells, which can be for example aluminum drift tubes, can be arranged at least above and below a volume to be scanned to thereby track incoming and outgoing charged particles, such as cosmic ray muons, whilst also detecting gamma rays. The system can selectively detect devices or materials, such as iron, lead, gold and/or tungsten, occupying the volume from multiple scattering of the charged particles passing through the volume and can also detect any radioactive sources occupying the volume from gamma rays emitted therefrom. If necessary, the drift tubes can be sealed to eliminate the need for a gas handling system. The system can be employed to inspect occupied vehicles at border crossings for nuclear threat objects.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring an analyte in a sample comprising adding substantially transparent particles to a sample in solution or suspension, said particles having an affinity for said analyte; fractionating the particles from the solution or suspension to form a particle-rich fraction and a substantially particle-free fraction; optically reading the particle-rich fraction at a first and a second wavelength; optically reading the substantially particle-free fraction at at least the first wavelength; and correlating the readings through the particle-rich fraction and the substantially particle-free fraction of the sample, with similar measurements in a particle-containing "blank" to obtain a quantitative determination of the analyte originally present in the sample.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separating red blood cells by density are described. Older red blood cells are more dense than younger ones. Certain changes in the physiology are recorded in changes in hemoglobin or the red blood cells. By assaying different aged red blood cells, one can determine the historical physiological changes over a period of many weeks. Improved separation of red blood cells is accomplished by using rigid capillary tubes having an inner surface which augments the density equilibrium of red blood cells and/or incrementally increasing the centrifugation forces, as well as by chemically treating red blood cells to improve their deformability.

Abstract: As red blood cells age, their hemoglobin is progressively glycosylated. This invention relates to analyzing the history of blood sugar metabolism over a period of several months by taking a blood sample, separating the cells into age-ordered cohorts, determining glycohemoglobin levels in the cells of each cohort, and correlating glycohemoglobin levels with red blood cell age, while correcting for the reversibility of the Amadori rearrangement.

Abstract: A novel modeling medium comprises a mixture of an organic ductile wax binder and a mica platelet filler which is mechanically worked while the material is in a semisolid state to evenly distribute the mica platelets throughout the mixture. The material exhibits the characteristics of non-ferrous metal with less density than conventional modeling mediums. It provides the bi-color visual characteristic of metal and may be worked at convenient temperatures.