Abstract: The invention provides a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device, and method of manufacture. Among possible applications is construction of compact spectrometers optimized for a single use. The sample container includes diffraction gratings such that, when the container is illuminated with collimated light and observed with optics focused at infinity, one obtains an optical spectrum useful for identifying and measuring the concentration of specimens placed in the container, applicable for chemical analysis and for screening fluids for chemical or biological analysis. The invention further provides methods to fabricate a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device, wherein one such method utilizes an inflatable bladder and temperature-controlled templates to emboss gratings on both outside and inside faces of a given cuvette.

Abstract: The invention provides a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device, and method of manufacture. Among possible applications is construction of compact spectrometers optimized for a single use. The sample container includes diffraction gratings such that, when the container is illuminated with collimated light and observed with optics focused at infinity, one obtains an optical spectrum useful for identifying and measuring the concentration of specimens placed in the container, applicable for chemical analysis and for screening fluids for chemical or biological analysis. The invention further provides methods to fabricate a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device, wherein one such method utilizes an inflatable bladder and temperature-controlled templates to emboss gratings on both outside and inside faces of a given cuvette.

Abstract: The invention provides a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device. Among possible applications is construction of compact spectrometers optimized for single use. The sample container includes diffraction gratings such that, when the container is illuminated with collimated light and observed with optics focused at infinity, one obtains an optical spectrum useful for identifying and measuring the concentration of specimens placed in the container, applicable for chemical analysis and for screening fluids for chemical or biological analysis. The invention further provides methods to fabricate a combination of a sample container and energy dispersion device, wherein one such method utilizes temperature controlled templates to emboss gratings on outside and inside faces of a cuvette.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide compositions that include carbon nanotubes dispersed within nanographite particles, and that have useful thermal properties. Certain compositions have high thermal conductivities (e.g., high thermal conductivities at ambient temperature). Certain compositions have a temperature dependent thermal conductivity that reversibly increases with temperature. Certain compositions are useful for heat transfer and can be used as thermal interface material, for example, in the context of computer and/or power generating devices.

Abstract: The invention provides an energy dispersion device, spectrograph and method that can be used to evaluate the composition of matter on site without the need for specialized training or expensive equipment. The energy dispersion device or spectrograph can be used with a digital camera or cell phone. A device of the invention includes a stack of single- or double-dispersion diffraction gratings that are rotated about their normal giving rise to a multiplicity of diffraction orders from which meaningful measurements and determinations can be made with respect to the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of matter.

Abstract: The invention provides an energy dispersion device, spectrograph and method that can be used to evaluate the composition of matter on site without the need for specialized training or expensive equipment. The energy dispersion device or spectrograph can be used with a digital camera or cell phone. A device of the invention includes a stack of single- or double-dispersion diffraction gratings that are rotated about their normal giving rise to a multiplicity of diffraction orders from which meaningful measurements and determinations can be made with respect to the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of matter.

Abstract: A method of increasing conductivity of an ink, comprises orienting particles in the ink. The ink comprises the particles and solvent, and the particles are conductive anisotropic particles.

Abstract: A method of increasing conductivity of an ink, comprises orienting particles in the ink. The ink comprises the particles and solvent, and the particles are conductive anisotropic particles.