Abstract: In combination with a Geographic Information System (GIS), 3-dimensional shapes may be used to designate or identify blocks of airspace. These shapes may be defined in many ways including lat/long, local coordinates, or FAA transmitted directions for TFRs and ADIZs. These restricted areas and zones may be modeled using suitably modified AirScene™ software from Rannoch Corporation. AirScene™ software can locate various aircraft in the vicinity of restricted airspace, determine whether the aircraft is about to enter restricted airspace, and issue a warning to the pilot of such aircraft that restricted airspace is about to be violated. Such a warning can be audible (e.g., radio communication message) or visual (e.g., graphic display or even a flashing light or text message) and is much less distracting than having a laser shining in the cockpit. Since the AirScene™ system is ground-based, ground personnel can also be advised if restricted airspace is being violated, or even about to be violated.

Abstract: A land use compatibility software module uses an existing suite of airport management programs to generate exception reports for FAA Part 77 land use compatibly surveys. Land use compatibility management is a manually intensive and time-consuming process. The noise officer may have to compute whether a proposed structure violates FAA's obstruction clearance criteria as set out in FAA's standard for obstacle clearance zones (Part 77). With these thee-dimensional zone shapes entered into AirScene™, the user may enter lat/long and height data for potential obstructions, such as cellular telephone towers as mentioned in the above example. The system will plot the potential obstructions on the map and will determine whether or not the height and proposed position of the tower violates the FAA's obstruction criteria for that runway. The system may be used to generate “exception reports” for proposed structures.

Abstract: The surveillance system provides a means to augment Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) with “look alike ADS-B” or “pseudo ADS-B” surveillance transmissions for aircraft which may not be ADS-B equipped. The system uses ground based surveillance to determine the position of aircraft not equipped with ADS-B, then broadcasts the identification/positional information over the ADS-B data link. ADS-B equipped aircraft broadcast their own position over the ADS-B data link. The system enables aircraft equipped with ADS-B and Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) to obtain surveillance information on all aircraft whether or not the proximate aircraft are equipped with ADS-B.

Abstract: The surveillance system provides a means to augment Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) with “look alike ADS-B” or “pseudo ADS-B” surveillance transmissions for aircraft which may not be ADS-B equipped. The system uses ground based surveillance to determine the position of aircraft not equipped with ADS-B, then broadcasts the identification/positional information over the ADS-B data link. ADS-B equipped aircraft broadcast their own position over the ADS-B data link. The system enables aircraft equipped with ADS-B and Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) to obtain surveillance information on all aircraft whether or not the proximate aircraft are equipped with ADS-B.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for lysing calls and purifying nucleic acid having a matrix and a coating and an integrity maintainer for maintaining the purified nucleic acid. Also provided is a method of purifying nucleic acid by applying a nucleic acid sample to a substrate having an anionic detergent affixed to a matrix, the substrate physically capturing the nucleic acid, bonding the nucleic acid to a substrate and generating a signal when the nucleic acid bonds to the substrate indicating the presence of the nucleic acid. A kit for purifying nucleic acid containing a coated matrix and an integrity maintenance provider for preserving the matrix and purifying nucleic acid is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for lysing cells and purifying nucleic acid having a matrix and a coating and an integrity maintainer for maintaining the purified nucleic acid. Also provided is a method of purifying nucleic acid by applying a nucleic acid sample to a substrate having an anionic detergent affixed to a matrix, the substrate physically capturing the nucleic acid, bonding the nucleic acid to a substrate and generating a signal when the nucleic acid bonds to the substrate indicating the presence of the nucleic acid. A kit for purifying nucleic acid containing a coated matrix and an integrity maintenance provider for preserving the matrix and purifying nucleic acid is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for switching redundancy control which provides fast switching from a malfunctioning component to a redundant component with minimum data flow interruption for both transmitted and received data. The redundancy control system having an APS (Automatic Protection Switching) Hub, at least a working and a redundant tributary card, a bridge to provide identical traffic to the working and redundant tributary cards, a working and a redundant STM switching fabric, selectors within the working and redundant STM switching fabrics for selecting the traffic from the working tributary card to further process, a working and a redundant ATM switching fabric, a working and a redundant ATM processor and ATM selectors for selecting traffic needing cell switching from the working STM switching fabric to process further.

Abstract: A system includes a communication device that includes a number of interface cards and a switching complex. Upon receiving a data signal, an input card modifies header bits of the data signal to identify an input port on which the data signal was received. The switching complex uses the modified header bits to communicate the data signal to an output card and associated output port. In a particular embodiment, the switching complex may also modify header bits to identify the input card.

Abstract: A system and method for active configuration management of the components of a data repository maintained in memory of a computer system is disclosed herein. The method includes creating a plurality of file system event objects in response to the occurrence of a corresponding plurality of events associated with ones of the components. A plurality of file system event objects are then entered into an event queue.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for switching redundancy control which provides fast switching from a malfunctioning component to a redundant component with minimum data flow interruption for both transmitted and received data. The redundancy control system having an APS (Automatic Switching Protection) Hub, at least a working and a redundant tributary card, a bridge to provide identical traffic to the working and redundant tributary cards, a working and a redundant STM switching fabric, selectors within the working and redundant STM switching fabrics for selecting the traffic from the working tributary card to further process, a working and a redundant ATM switching fabric, a working and a redundant ATM processor and ATM selectors for selecting traffic needing cell switching from the working STM switching fabric to process further.

Abstract: An Ethernet device and the method for applying back pressure within an Ethernet communication network comprising the steps of asserting a back pressure pin of a media access control unit associated with a network communications port of an Ethernet device. In response to asserting the back pressure pin, only the back pressure continuous preamble of a packet is transmitted without a start-of-frame delimiter onto the network.

Abstract: A network element for a telecommunications network includes a port for connection to a transmission line of the telecommunications network. A plurality of transmission line interfaces each include a scheduler to transmit traffic in port transmission slots allocated to the transmission line interface. An interface controller is stored in a storage medium of the network element. The interface controller is operable to selectively couple at least two transmission line interfaces to the port and to allocate a disparate portion of port transmission slots to each of the transmission line interfaces coupled to the port.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for switching redundancy control which provides fast switching from a malfunctioning component to a redundant component with minimum data flow interruption for both transmitted and received data. The redundancy control system having an APS (Automatic Switching Protection) Hub, at least a working and a redundant tributary card, a bridge to provide identical traffic to the working and redundant tributary cards, a working and a redundant STM switching fabric, selectors within the working and redundant STM switching fabrics for selecting the traffic from the working tributary card to further process, a working and a redundant ATM switching fabric, a working and a redundant ATM processor and ATM selectors for selecting traffic needing cell switching from the working STM switching fabric to process further.

Abstract: Processes for preparing 2-substituted benzaldehydes of general formula (I), wherein: R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --(L.sub.1).sub.p --(CH.sub.2).sub.q --(L.sub.2).sub.r --CH.sub.2 --(T).sub.2 --Z; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are independently CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C; q is 0 to 8; p, r and s are independently 0 or 1; T is O, S, CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH, C.tbd.C; and Z is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, ethynyl, trifluoromethyl, isopropenyl, furanyl, thienyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl optionally mono substituted with CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, methylthio, or trifluoromethylthio; and R.sub.2 and A are independently H, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, F, Cl, Br or I; are useful for preparing pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A communication adapter transfers synchronous or multimedia and asynchronous or packet data between a network which may be of a FDDI type and a host system in real time. The adapter can manage data transfer in both directions between the system and the network and automatically switches between multimedia and packet data while holding the token. The adapter includes a queue manager having a synchronous threshold register and counter and a packet data threshold register and counter. The queue manager is coupled among a host bus; a storage means; a FDDI network; and bandwidth control logic. The queue manager in conjunction with the bandwidth control logic can dynamically switch the adapter from transmitting packet or synchronous data to the FDDI without exceeding bandwidth. The queue manager is also adapted to initiate capture of the token on a FDDI and commence transmission of synchronous or packet data frames to the ring as early as possible.

Abstract: A queue manager manages multiple interfaces among a network, a host bus and a storage means including multiple circular FIFO's in a data communication system handling packet and multimedia data transferred, in either direction, between the host bus and the network. The queue manager includes a programmable parameter RAM interface, computation logic and status means. An efficient queue management algorithm dynamically manages storage of data in the circular multiple FIFO's as data is transferred, in either direction, between the host bus and the network. System bandwidth is allocated by the queue manager to the queues which have the most activity thereby improving the speed of transferring data while reducing the amount of bandwidth that would otherwise be required by prior systems. The programmable interface permits a user to define and dynamically configure the multiple circular FIFO storage means to include other parameters useful in the management of data transferred between the host bus and the network.

Abstract: A multiple mower arrangement for use on a tractor, comprising a principal mower having at least one rotary blade. A power shaft extends approximately the full lateral width of the principal mower, and delivers power to the rotary blades of such mower. A swingarm mower equipped with a rotary blade is hingedly supported by a hollow arm on the outboard end of the principal mower, with the arm being in turn supported by a hollow hinge. A rotary power shaft extends through the arm and hinge, such that rotary power can be effectively transmitted without the use of belts from the power shaft to the blade of the swingarm mower. A bias arrangement normally biases the swingarm mower into an outwardly extending operative position, with such bias being overcome at such time as the swingarm mower contacts a tree, fencepost, or other fixed object, with power being continuously supplied to the blade of the swingarm mower throughout its full range of operating positions.

Abstract: A quick disconnect arrangement for use on a tractor or other such farm or grove vehicle principally involving the use of an elongate structural member having an essentially straight mid portion, with this member being removably supported from the tractor at its front and rear ends. This elongate structural member is supported outboard of the adjacent driving wheel of the tractor, and its mid portion is utilized for the support of a rotary implement such as a cultivator or mower, or alternatively for other implements, such as a banker or a de-banker. Advantageously, the front and rear support members are in effect quick disconnect means such that the operator can in a period of a few minutes entirely free the tractor from the elongate support member as well as the implement carried thereby, thus enabling the tractor to be used for an entirely different purpose.

Abstract: A device in the nature of a rotary tiller equipped for traveling through fields as well as uneven terrain, for effectively chopping up encountered clods, vegetation and debris, and mixing same with the soil. We utilize a framework in which either of two different types of bladed, couner-rotating rotors may be effectively mounted, with one type of rotor having a number of outwardly extending teeth that are adapted for penetrating the ground as the tiller device moves thereover. The outermost portion of each tooth is provided with a novel cutting blade, which may interact with a stationary shear bar, with this type of blade being well adapted for chopping up encountered vegetation and for mixing it thoroughly with the soil.