Abstract: Exemplary methods, apparatuses, and systems maintain network membership information for a host when it is disconnected from a controller. When the host detects a loss of connectivity with the network controller, the host identifies and selects one or more hosts that are members of a control logical network. The control logical network includes hosts configured to run data compute nodes that are members of the overlay network, regardless of whether or not each of the hosts is currently running a data compute node that is a member of the overlay network. The host then sends any broadcast, unknown destination, or multicast (BUM) data packet(s) to the selected one or more hosts.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and software to enhance network traffic management. In one implementation, a first host identifies a packet to be transferred from a first virtual machine on the first host to a second virtual machine on a second host. In response to identifying the packet, the first host identifies a source logical port for the first virtual machine, and transferring a communication to the second host, wherein the communication encapsulates the data packet and the source logical port. Once the packet is received by the second host, the second host may use the source logical port to determine a forwarding action for the packet.

Abstract: A novel method for performing replication of messages in a network that bridges one or more physical networks to an overlay logical network is provided. A physical gateway provides bridging between network nodes of a physical network and virtual machines in the overlay logical network by serving as an endpoint of the overlay logical network. The physical gateway does not replicate messages from the bridged physical network to destination endpoints in the overlay logical network directly, but instead tunnels the message-to-be-replicated to a designated tunnel endpoint in the overlay logical network. The designated tunnel endpoint in turn replicates the message that was tunneled to it to other endpoints in the overlay logical network.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method determines when a packet is fragmented into multiple fragmented packets in a flow between a first workload and a second workload. The method switches from generating an outer source port in the outer header using layer 4 information from the inner header to using layer 3 information from the inner header. A fragmented packet is encapsulated with the outer header that includes an outer source port value that is generated using the layer 3 information. The method initiates a process to determine when to switch back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the outer source port. When it is determined to switch back to using layer 4 information, the method switches back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the source port in the outer header of a packet from the first workload.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a set of MFEs to implement a distributed multicast logical router and multiple logical switches to process the multicast data messages. The method sends, from a managed forwarding element (MFE) implementing the distributed multicast logical router, a multicast group query to a set of data compute nodes (DCNs) that are logically connected to one of several logical switches and that execute on the same host machine as the managed forwarding element. The method receives multicast group reports from a subset of the set of DCNs and at least one of the multicast group reports specifies a multicast group of interest. The method distributes, to a set of MFEs executing on other host machines, a summarized multicast group report specifying a set of multicast groups of interest to the first MFE (i.e., multicast groups that the first MFE participates in).

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of replicating messages for a logical network. At a particular tunnel endpoint in a particular datacenter, the method receives a message to be replicated to members of a replication group. The method replicates the message to a set of tunnel endpoints of the replication group located in a same segment of the particular datacenter as the particular tunnel endpoint. The method replicates the message to a first set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different segment of the particular datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective segment of the particular datacenter. The method replicates the message to a second set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective datacenter.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) includes an endovascular device (12) connected to a configured-to-be-powered syringe assembly (30). That configured-to-be-powered syringe assembly includes a reusable drive unit (36) and a disposable syringe unit (34).

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of replicating messages for a logical network. At a particular tunnel endpoint in a particular datacenter, the method receives a message to be replicated to members of a replication group. The method replicates the message to a set of tunnel endpoints of the replication group located in a same segment of the particular datacenter as the particular tunnel endpoint. The method replicates the message to a first set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different segment of the particular datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective segment of the particular datacenter. The method replicates the message to a second set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective datacenter.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for a managed forwarding element (MFE). At the MFE, the method receives a first packet from a particular tunnel endpoint. The first packet originates from a particular data compute node associated with multiple tunnel endpoints including the particular tunnel endpoint. Based on the first packet, the method stores an association of the particular tunnel endpoint with the particular data compute node. The method uses the stored association to encapsulate subsequent packets received at the MFE and having the particular data compute node as a destination address with the particular tunnel endpoint as a destination tunnel endpoint.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an approach for reducing multicast traffic within a network by optimizing placement of virtual machines within subnets and within hosts, and by optimizing mapping of overlay multicast groups to underlay multicast groups. In one embodiment, substantially all VMs of a multicast group are migrated to the same subnet of the network. Thereafter or independently, VMs in the same subnet are migrated to the same host, ideally to the subnet proxy endpoint of that subnet. In the same or in another embodiment, if multiple overlay groups map to the same underlay group, one or more of the overlay groups may be remapped to a separate underlay group to improve network performance.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and software to enhance network traffic management. In one implementation, a first host identifies a packet to be transferred from a first virtual machine on the first host to a second virtual machine on a second host. In response to identifying the packet, the first host identifies a source logical port for the first virtual machine, and transferring a communication to the second host, wherein the communication encapsulates the data packet and the source logical port. Once the packet is received by the second host, the second host may use the source logical port to determine a forwarding action for the packet.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of replicating messages for a logical network. At a particular tunnel endpoint in a particular datacenter, the method receives a message to be replicated to members of a replication group. The method replicates the message to a set of tunnel endpoints of the replication group located in a same segment of the particular datacenter as the particular tunnel endpoint. The method replicates the message to a first set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different segment of the particular datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective segment of the particular datacenter. The method replicates the message to a second set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective datacenter.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for a managed forwarding element (MFE). At the MFE, the method receives a first packet from a particular tunnel endpoint. The first packet originates from a particular data compute node associated with multiple tunnel endpoints including the particular tunnel endpoint. Based on the first packet, the method stores an association of the particular tunnel endpoint with the particular data compute node. The method uses the stored association to encapsulate subsequent packets received at the MFE and having the particular data compute node as a destination address with the particular tunnel endpoint as a destination tunnel endpoint.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and software to enhance network traffic management. In one implementation, a first host identifies a packet to be transferred from a first virtual machine on the first host to a second virtual machine on a second host. In response to identifying the packet, the first host identifies a source logical port for the first virtual machine, and transferring a communication to the second host, wherein the communication encapsulates the data packet and the source logical port. Once the packet is received by the second host, the second host may use the source logical port to determine a forwarding action for the packet.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method determines when a packet is fragmented into multiple fragmented packets in a flow between a first workload and a second workload. The method switches from generating an outer source port in the outer header using layer 4 information from the inner header to using layer 3 information from the inner header. A fragmented packet is encapsulated with the outer header that includes an outer source port value that is generated using the layer 3 information. The method initiates a process to determine when to switch back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the outer source port. When it is determined to switch back to using layer 4 information, the method switches back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the source port in the outer header of a packet from the first workload.

Abstract: A novel method for fully utilizing the multicast or broadcast capability of a physical network is provided. The method identifies segments of the network within which broadcast traffic, multicast traffic, or traffic to unknown recipients (BUM traffic) is allowed or enabled. The identified segment encompasses parts of the network that the BUM traffic is able reach while excluding parts of the network nodes that the BUM traffic is unable to reach. Each identified segment includes network nodes that are interconnected by physical network hardware that supports BUM traffic. The method identifies multiple BUM traffic segments in a given network that each supports its own BUM traffic. The different BUM traffic segments are interconnected by physical network hardware that does not support BUM network traffic. Each identified segment is assigned an identifier that uniquely distinguishes the identified segment from other identified segments.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method determines when a packet is fragmented into multiple fragmented packets in a flow between a first workload and a second workload. The method switches from generating an outer source port in the outer header using layer 4 information from the inner header to using layer 3 information from the inner header. A fragmented packet is encapsulated with the outer header that includes an outer source port value that is generated using the layer 3 information. The method initiates a process to determine when to switch back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the outer source port. When it is determined to switch back to using layer 4 information, the method switches back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the source port in the outer header of a packet from the first workload.

Abstract: A medical apparatus has a thrombectomy device disposed in a sheath lumen of a sheath that is movable between an initial extended position and a retracted position. The thrombectomy device includes a first elongate cannula having a distal tip, a guidewire lumen, and a perforated region, which is proximal to the distal tip and is in fluid communication with the guidewire lumen. A second elongate cannula, which is configured to rotate, has a second lumen and a mechanical thrombectomy whisk, which is proximal to the distal tip. A third elongate cannula has a third exterior surface, a third lumen, an inflation passageway, an inflatable balloon connected to the third exterior surface, and an expandable embolic filter connected to the third exterior surface at a location distal to the inflatable balloon. The first elongate cannula is disposed in the second lumen. The second elongate cannula is disposed in the third lumen.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method determines when a packet is fragmented into multiple fragmented packets in a flow between a first workload and a second workload. The method switches from generating an outer source port in the outer header using layer 4 information from the inner header to using layer 3 information from the inner header. A fragmented packet is encapsulated with the outer header that includes an outer source port value that is generated using the layer 3 information. The method initiates a process to determine when to switch back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the outer source port. When it is determined to switch back to using layer 4 information, the method switches back to using layer 4 information from the inner header to generate the source port in the outer header of a packet from the first workload.

Abstract: Example methods are provided for a first host to maintain data-plane connectivity with a second host via a third host in a virtualized computing environment. The method may comprise identifying an intermediate host, being the third host, having data-plane connectivity with both the first host and the second host. The method may also comprise: in response to detecting, from a first virtualized computing instance supported by the first host, an egress packet that includes an inner header addressed to a second virtualized computing instance supported by the second host, generating an encapsulated packet by encapsulating the egress packet with an outer header that is addressed from the first host to the third host instead of the second host; and sending the encapsulated packet to the third host for subsequent forwarding to the second host.