Abstract: In order to achieve an as uniform as possible temperature over the entire surface of the substrate (2) during a temperature step and, in particular, during an epitaxy method, temperature equalization structures are incorporated in a substrate holder (1), on which the substrate (2) is located. A uniform temperature distribution on the substrate surface during the deposition of a semiconductor material reduces the emission wavelength gradient of the deposited semiconductor material. The temperature equalization structures produce specific temperature inhomogenelties in the substrate holder (1), and these smooth out the temperature profile of the substrate (2). For example, a groove (4) with a cooling effect and a support step (5) which produces a gap (8) between the substrate (2) and the substrate holder (1) are integrated in the edge area of the substrate holder (1).

Abstract: A substrate for forming cultures of organic cells, comprising the following a spatial body—the cross section of the body comprises a plurality of at least first pores. wherein the pre size of a majority thereof is =1000 ?m, preferably 10-500 ?m. more preferably 10-200 ?m, most preferably 10-100 ?m t—the first pores are fluidically connected to each other—at least the first pores whose pore size is in the region of 500 ?m have a cell-growth promoting property and at least one part of the first pores arranged close to at least one free surface of the body are open towards the outer environment. Preferably, the substrate is an open-pored foam material body made of a synthetic material.

Abstract: A cooling device for an electrical power unit of electrically operated vehicles, comprising at least one power section and at least one control section. A first cooling circuit containing a heat exchanger with a low coolant temperature is provided mainly for cooling elements of the control sections, and a further cooling circuit with a higher coolant temperature is provided mainly for cooling elements of the power sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric steering and drive system for a vehicle having a wheel-based steering system, having drive elements for traction tracks or for wheels and having two drive shafts, the first end of which is connected to the drive element of the respective one vehicle side and the second end of which is connected to a differential gear mechanism arrangement, and at least one traction motor is connected to at least one of the two drive shafts, and having an electric steering drive which is drive-connected to the differential gear mechanism arrangement, it being possible for the traction motors and steering drives to be supplied with electric current from at least two energy sources which are independent of one another.

Abstract: A device for reversing a steering movement of a steering wheel shaft of a vehicle includes a switching element movable between two switching positions to activate or deactivate the reversal of the steering movement. A mechanical actuating device includes a shaft which is rotatable in different rotational directions, and a slide for actuating the switching element. The slide can be moved along the axial direction of the shaft as a function of the rotational direction of the shaft in order to transfer the switching element between the switching positions.

Abstract: An electric actuator for a device which is to be actuated, having an electric-motor drive inputting its drive into a step-up gear mechanism, it being possible for the device to be driven via the step-up gear mechanism, in order to switch the device from a defined position into another defined position. A clutch element is connected after the step-up gear mechanism so that the device which is to be actuated can be driven by the step-up gear mechanism with the clutch element connected in between. The clutch element decouples the step-up gear mechanism from the device in the event of a failure of the current supply or voltage supply for the actuator, with the result that a defined basic position or rest position can be assumed automatically by the device which is to be actuated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical steering and drive system for a vehicle with wheel-based steering with at least two electrically driven axles, a mechanical coupling between the drive sides being provided on at least one driven axle in order to transmit power from one drive side to the other, and a purely electrical transmission of drive power being provided on the other driven axles.

Abstract: In order to achieve an as uniform as possible temperature over the entire surface of the substrate (2) during a temperature step and, in particular, during an epitaxy method, temperature equalization structures are incorporated in a substrate holder (1), on which the substrate (2) is located. A uniform temperature distribution on the substrate surface during the deposition of a semiconductor material reduces the emission wavelength gradient of the deposited semiconductor material. The temperature equalization structures produce specific temperature inhomogeneities in the substrate holder (1), and these smooth out the temperature profile of the substrate (2). For example, a groove (4) with a cooling effect and a support step (5) which produces a gap (8) between the substrate (2) and the substrate holder (1) are integrated in the edge area of the substrate holder (1).

Abstract: A refrigerating device is equipped with a temperature sensor in the form of an infrared sensor (7), for detecting an operating temperature of the device. Said infrared sensor (7) is located on a board (5) in a non-refrigerated are of the refrigerating device, together with a control circuit.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant electromechanical actuating device for converting an electrical actuating signal into a mechanical output actuating value for use in vehicles, having two mutually independent control loops. Each loop has at least one controller and at least one electric motor which is driven by this controller and which, in each case via a self-locking transmission, drives the input to a summing transmission, which superimposes the actuating values of the actuating motors to form the output actuating value. The fault tolerance or reliability of the actuating device is ensured by a comparator controller, which monitors the functions of the other controllers. Interfaces between the controllers and between the subsystems ensure stringent isolation of electrical potential.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant electromechanical actuating device for converting an electrical actuating signal into a mechanical output actuating value for use in vehicles, having two mutually independent control loops. Each loop has at least one controller and at least one electric motor which is driven by this controller and which, in each case via a self-locking transmission, drives the input to a summing transmission, which superimposes the actuating values of the actuating motors to form the output actuating value. The fault tolerance or reliability of the actuating device is ensured by a comparator controller, which monitors the functions of the other controllers. Interfaces between the controllers and between the subsystems ensure stringent isolation of electrical potential.

Abstract: A roof hatch, particularly to a roof hatch intended for vehicle roofs. The roof hatch has a cover, which, for exposing a roof opening defined by a frame in a fixed roof surface, is alternately, or also, simultaneously, tiltable at two opposite sides. In order to facilitate a low-friction and low-loss actuation with minor force, the push rods actuating the extension devices, in accordance with the invention, are pivotally supported with one end, and with their other ends are guided in cam surfaces of a driven cam disk which is centrally supported on the inner side of the cover, and are additionally guided in guideways fixed to the cover, which essentially have circular shape.