Abstract: A method is disclosed for highly efficient DNA sequence alterations. The method is useful for editing chromosomes, to engineer cellular markers through insertion of genes, or to create epigenetic changes by using cas9-enzyme fusions where the enzymes can be DNA epigenetic modifying enzymes or chromatin modifying enzymes, etc. The technology also differs from all previously known technologies in that the CRISPR/Cas system can function in ways that are “clean”, i.e. they have not been in contact with any virus, or are carried DNA molecules that can insert into the chromosome in unintended locations.

Abstract: A stage includes a first transistor including an input terminal to which a clock signal is applied and a control terminal connected to a first node; a first capacitor including terminals respectively connected to the first node and an output terminal of the first transistor; a second transistor including an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first transistor, a control terminal connected to a second node, and an output terminal to which a low voltage is applied; a third transistor including an output terminal connected to the second node, a control terminal connected to the first node, and an input terminal to which the low voltage is applied; and a fourth transistor including an input terminal connected to the first node and an output terminal to which the low voltage is applied, wherein the fourth transistor is switched according to an output signal of a next stage.

Abstract: A stage includes a first transistor including an input terminal to which a clock signal is applied and a control terminal connected to a first node; a first capacitor including terminals respectively connected to the first node and an output terminal of the first transistor; a second transistor including an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first transistor, a control terminal connected to a second node, and an output terminal to which a low voltage is applied; a third transistor including an output terminal connected to the second node, a control terminal connected to the first node, and an input terminal to which the low voltage is applied; and a fourth transistor including an input terminal connected to the first node and an output terminal to which the low voltage is applied, wherein the fourth transistor is switched according to an output signal of a next stage.

Abstract: An integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic apparatus. The apparatus includes a solar thermal module, and a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of solar cells configured in a polymeric material. The apparatus has an amorphous material configured between the thermal solar module and the photovoltaic module. The amorphous material has a semi-viscous, thermally conductive, and mastic characteristic to allow for thermal expansion and contraction of either or both the photovoltaic module or the solar thermal module during an operating time. The apparatus has an aperture region provided on a first side of the photovoltaic module and the solar thermal module is overlying a second side of the photovoltaic module. The thermal solar module, the photovoltaic module, and the amorphous material form an integrated thermal solar module.