Abstract: A reversible percussion device, having a casing 1 in which is installed a movable striker and a system for distributing fluid under pressure for causing the striker 4 to move for both forward and rearward movement functions of the device. The system comprises a control member 9 for controlling the distribution of fluid under pressure for both functions, which is movably coupled to the striker 4 and has a mechanism for locking it with respect to the casing 1 in two control positions, corresponding to the two functions of the device. According to the invention, the mechanism for locking the control member 9 in the position enabling the forward movement functions of the device comprises a body 11 movable relative to the control member 9.

Abstract: The invention relates to the construction equipment. A device comprises a body (1) internally accommodating a percussion member (2) with ports (5), an air distributing sleeve (6), an elastic element (7) and a threaded bushing (8). Grooves (9) are made on an external surface of the threaded bushing (8) at an angle to the axis of the device. When the device is moving soil gets in the grooves (9) of the threaded bushing (8) and develops a circumferential force fixing the threaded bushing (8) relative to the body (1).

Abstract: A clamping attachment to a device for driving elongated rod elements of low igidity into the ground comprises a housing (1) having a through tapered interior (2) and shoulders (7) on the outer surface. The interior (2) of the housing accommodates two spring-biased wedging elements (3) with slots (4). The slots (4) receive ends of arms (9) secured on the shoulders (7). Interposed between the spring (12) and wedging elements (3) is a washer plate (14). End faces (16, 17) of the wedging elements (3) and washer plate (14) are tapered. Contact surfaces (10, 11) of the slots (4,) and arms (9) are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the clamping attachment.

Abstract: An air-operated reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing (1) accommodating a reciprocating hammer (2). Secured inside the housing (1) is a stepped tube (5). The step of larger diameter of the tube (5) is received by a cavity (4) of the hammer (2) and has a port (12) for distributing air flow and feeding it to the interior of the housing (1). The tube (5) receives a sleeve (14) having a port (15) alternately communicable with the port (12) of the tube (5) in one of its two positions. One end face of the tube (5) has a projection (13) in the form of a sector of a circle, whereas the sleeve (14) is provided with a radial projection (16) so that in turning the sleeve (14) its projection (16) bears on one of the side walls of the projection (13) of the sleeve (5) thus assuming one of the two positions.

Abstract: The annular air-hammer apparatus for drilling holes comprises a shell hav fitted co-axially therein a chips-receiving sleeve, a hollow cylindrical case, and a ring-shaped hammer capable of reciprocating back and forth. The lower part of the shell accommodates a rock-cutting tool capable of moving axially with at least one blow-off passage formed by at least a single longitudinal groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the rock-cutting tool. With the rock-cutting tool in its uppermost position, the blow-off passage communicates with an outlet space provided between the shell and the case.

Abstract: An annular air hammer apparatus for drilling wells has a cylindrical body which accommodates a stepped annular hammer mounted for reciprocations. A stepped air distribution tube is rigidly secured in the body and has inlet ports and exhaust ports, the tube cooperating with the hammer and defining therewith a work stroke chamber and defining a return stroke chamber with the body. A pipe for receiving drillings is stationary mounted in the air distribution tube and defines therewith a plenum. An annular member is provided between the pipe for receiving drillings and air distribution pipe, in the zone between the inlet and exhaust ports, to define an exhaust chamber between the pipe for receiving drillings and air distribution tube. The plenum and exhaust chamber permanently communicate with each other through a throttle means.

Abstract: A reversible air-operated percussive action machine for driving holes in the ground has a housing accommodating a hammer 2 capable of reciprocating therein. An air distributor 3 is arranged in the hammer 2 in the form of a fixed tube 12 and a valving member 13 movable relative to the tube. Defined between the tube 12 and valviong member 13 is an accumulating chamber 18 which communicates with an air feeding line 4. An air restrictor is further provided for discharging air from the accumulating chamber 18 when the supply of compressed air to the air feeding line is terminated. The valving member 13 spring-loaded relative to the tube 12 by a spring arranged so that during feeding compressed air to the accumulating chamber 18 the valving member 13 is acted upon by a pressure force directed counter to the action of the spring.

Abstract: An annular air-hammer apparatus for drilling holes incorporates a hollow cylindrical case with a stepped bore which has inlet and outlet ports. A rock-cutting tool with an axial opening is fitted to the case at the forward end thereof. A chips-receiving sleeve and a stepped ring-shaped hammer are located inside the case, whereby the hammer forms a working-stroke chamber with the case and an idle-stroke chamber with the case, the rock-cutting tool and the chips-receiving sleeve. The chips-receiving sleeve has a cylindrical protuberance at its upper end which interacts with the hammer when this is in its topmost position. A channel is provided in the idle-stroke chamber at that side thereof which faces the upper end face of the hammer.

Abstract: A reversible percussive action machine includes a housing accommodating a mmer capable of reciprocating motions under the action of a working fluid under pressure, and a valving member with grooves movably connected to the hammer and provided with members for fixing it relative to the housing in two distribution control positions, particularly one that makes the machine move forward and one that ensures the return travel of the machine. The members for fixing the valving member in a position for the forward travel of the machine is fashioned as an insert movable relative to the valving member and having projections received by the grooves of the valving member. The insert is enclosed by a shell with ports, this shell being secured between the housing and the valving member to be capable of axial displacement.

Abstract: A percussive tool comprises a percussion mechanism and a pressure pulser. The percussion mechanism has a hollow housing with a piston hammer arranged thereinside to form two chambers of variable volume. The pressure pulser has a hollow housing and a fluid displacer defining inside the housing a working chamber adapted to alternately communicate with a source of gaseous fluid and the interior of the percussion mechanism. The fluid displacer is intended for forced displacement inside the housing to transmit to the chambers of the percussion mechanism a pulsed pressure of the gaseous fluid which causes the piston hammer to reciprocate. The interior of the percussion mechanism is isolated from the outside, whereas the working chamber of the pressure pulser communicates with at least one of the chambers of the percussion mechanism, the chambers of the percussion mechanism continuously intercommunicating by way of a restrictor passage.

Abstract: An air-operated reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing in which there is disposed for axial reciprocations a hammer, defining therewith a front working chamber and having a through radial passage. In the axial interior of the hammer on the side of its tail end there is provided a cylindrical stepped tube including coaxially arranged first and second steps of large and small diameters, respectively, these steps having through radial passages. The first step of the tube defines with the hammer a rear working chamber, and with the second step defines an annular cavity in which a spring sleeve capable of axial displacements is disposed. The outer diameter of the sleeve is substantially less than the inner diameter of the first step of the tube to form an annular passage there between. The machine is further provided with a means for pressure-sealing the annular cavity and a means for controlling the displacements of the sleeve.

Abstract: A percussive air tool with a hollow cylindrical stepped housing having air inlet and air exhaust ports. A stepped hammer reciprocates inside the housing and has an axial central bore with a tube element disposed in the bore. The tool includes, work stroke and return stroke chambers, an air supply hose pipe with an air feeding valve, and a rod-clamping device arranged in the forward portion of the housing. The smaller step of the hammer has a neck portion or groove adapted to communicate the air inlet port with the interior of the larger step of the housing, an open annular cavity being formed between the tube element and the walls of the hammer bore.

Abstract: A percussive action machine includes a housing in which a hammer is movably secured to define a forward stroke chamber and a return stroke chamber. The hammer is provided with an air-distributor fashioned as a sleeve having holes. The hammer is further provided with a device for alternately communicating the return stroke chamber with the forward stroke chamber and with the outside, the device having the form of at least one bore arranged inside the hammer in line with its axis. Communicating with this bore is a tubular control valve extending through the forward stroke chamber and having in its wall at least one hole wherethrough the return stroke chamber alternately communicates with the forward stroke chamber and with the outside.

Abstract: A reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing which accommods a hammer capable of reciprocating motions under the action of a pressurized fluid, and a fluid valving member for controlling the distribution of fluid with parts for fixing it in two fluid control positions to assure either the forward or rearward percussive action of the machine. To fix the fluid valving member to provide for the forward percussive action of the machine, a spring-loaded insert which is movably secured relative to the valving member and engageable with a stop made in the housing is used. To fix the fluid valving member in a position to provide for the rearward percussive action of the machine, a stop made on the inside wall of the housing and a stop made in the valving member to engage with the stop of the housing is used. The insert is fashioned as a cup accommodating an element imparting a spring action on the cup relative to the fluid valving member.

Abstract: A machine for driving holes in the ground comprises a cylindrical housing, hammer disposed inside the housing, and an air distribution mechanism. Longitudinal recesses and projections are provided on a portion of the outer surface of the housing at its head end section. The diameter of the cylindrical part of the housing is greater than the diameter of a circle described about the bottoms of the recesses and smaller than the diameter of a circle described about the tops of the projections.

Abstract: A rod-clamping device comprises an impact load transmission assembly which includes a housing having a through axial cavity and a system of jamming elements, a rocoil force take up assembly which includes a housing having a through axial cavity, a collar sleeve, and a system of jamming elements, and a resilient element adapted to urge the jamming elements in a direction counter to the forces being exerted, the impact load transmission assembly having a sleeve member, each system of the jamming elements in the two assemblies being forced to the housing and the rod being driven by a separate resilient element.

Abstract: The method of making holes in the soil includes driving a capsule into the oil by percussive action and filling the capsule with the soil. Then the driving of the capsule into the soil by percussive action is continued, with the soil passing therethrough. The capsule is then withdrawn from the hole, and the soil that has passed through the capsule is also removed from the hole, whereafter the soil is removed from the capsule itself. The apparatus for making holes, performing the disclosed method, comprises a capsule capable of receiving the soil therein, having an open soil intake end, its opposite end being a partly open one. The capsule incorporates a percussive mechanism.

Abstract: A method of emptying pipes driven into earth in nontrench laying is disclosed, wherein spoil is dug and picked up in the process of movement of a working element by vibratory shock loads, a spoil cushion is simultaneously formed in the pipe for the purpose of taking up reaction loads set up by the movement of the working element, the direction of the vibratory shock loads is reversed after a spoil load is picked up, and the spoil cushion is removed upon completion of the pipe emptying cycles. A device for carrying this method into effect comprises a working element which has a means for retaining the spoil load during withdrawal thereof and is constructed as a barrel, the blind end of which is rigidly connected with a reversible pneumatic hammer, and a chamfer being provided on the open end of the barrel, on the outer surface thereof nearest to the pipe bottom.

Abstract: A percussive device operable in a forward mode for making a hole in soil and operable in a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole. The device is provided with control means that change the mode of operation alternatively under control of a valve that turns air pressure on and off in a supply or feed line to the device. When the air is turned off from the device the valve establishes connection to an aspirator for establishing a suction condition to the device that will reverse the mode so that upon turning on of air back to the device will make it operate in the changed-over mode.

Abstract: Apparatus for building underground pipelines by forming a casing in a hole from a forming material which is compacted in the direction from the center of the hole towards its walls. The hole is first filled with the forming material throughout its cross-sectional area and then the material is compacted in the direction towards the walls of the hole. Compaction is effected by a device comprising a rod-shaped body adapted for moving through the hole, the front end of the body being provided with a system of radial ribs.