Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a self-learning bladder volume monitoring system. The system can include a bladder volume (BV) system configured to measure an electrical impedance of a bladder region of a patient and determine a volume of fluid disposed therein using an impedance to bladder volume model (“By model”). Further, the system can measure a total body water (“TBW”) for the patient and modify the BV model to account for variations in TBW within the tissues surrounding the bladder providing a more accurate bladder volume measurement. The system can include a “training unit” which can include one of a user input interface, an automatic urine output monitoring system, an ultrasound system, and an intrabladder pressure system configured to verify a volume of fluid within or voided from the bladder and train the BV model.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a medical pad for exchanging thermal energy between a targeted temperature management (TTM) fluid and a patient. The pad can include a central pad and a plurality of extension pads coupled with the central pad, where the extension pads extend away from right and left lateral sides of the central pad and where each of the central pad and the plurality of extension pads includes a fluid containing layer configured for circulation of a TTM fluid therein. A method can include removing a portion of the hydrogel liner and placing a remaining portion of the hydrogel liner between the hydrogel layer and the patient. The method can also include rotating and folding one or more of the extension pads to defeat the thermal energy exchange of the rotated and folded extension pads.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system, apparatus and method directed to reducing patient contact area of a medical pad for exchanging thermal energy between a targeted temperature management (TTM) fluid and a patient. The system, apparatus and method pertain to a medical pad that includes a fluid containing layer for containing the TTM fluid and a patient contact surface. The fluid containing layer is configured for circulating the TTM fluid within the fluid containing layer. The patient contact surface defines a patient contact area to facilitate thermal energy exchange with the patient. The pad can be segmented into a main pad section and one or more foldable sections configured to be folded by a user, thereby reducing the patient contact area. The circulation of the TTM fluid within the fluid containing layer may be constricted by a fold of the one or more foldable sections while folded.