Abstract: An electrical device, comprising a softening polymer layer, an electrode layer on a surface of the softening polymer layer and a cover polymer layer on the surface of the softening polymer layer. An opening in the polymer cover layer is filled with a reflowed solder, one end of the reflowed solder, located inside the opening, contacts a contact pad site portion of the electrode layer, and another end of the reflowed solder contacts an electrical connector electrode of the device.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices comprising electrode layers on softening polymers and methods of manufacturing such devices, including lift-off processes for forming electrodes on softening polymers, processes for forming devices with a patterned double softening polymer layer, and solder reflow processes for forming electrical contacts on softening polymers.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices comprising electrode layers on softening polymers and methods of manufacturing such devices, including lift-off processes for forming electrodes on softening polymers, processes for forming devices with a patterned double softening polymer layer, and solder reflow processes for forming electrical contacts on softening polymers.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices comprising electrode layers on softening polymers and methods of manufacturing such devices, including lift-off processes for forming electrodes on softening polymers, processes for forming devices with a patterned double softening polymer layer, and solder reflow processes for forming electrical contacts on softening polymers.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices comprising electrode layers on softening polymers and methods of manufacturing such devices, including lift-off processes for forming electrodes on softening polymers, processes for forming devices with a patterned double softening polymer layer, and solder reflow processes for forming electrical contacts on softening polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluid mixer comprising a substrate defining channels having varying widths and depths, wherein the channels have a total mixing distance of from about 50 microns to 1 millimeter. Also provided is a method for mixing fluids, the method comprising: directing a plurality of fluids to a mixing channel having a first width and a first depth; redirecting the directed plurality of fluids to a mixing channel having a second width smaller than the first width and having a second depth greater than the first depth; and repeating the process.