Abstract: Battery cells and other types of energy cells are not produced identically, and the performance and degradation of the cells vary over time. This makes it challenging to balance and manage stacks of cells arranged in series. A battery circuit is provided that includes each cell having an inline switch that is in series with the respective cell, and an outline switch that is parallel to the respective cell and the inline switch. When the inline switch is open and the corresponding outline switch is closed, the respective cell is electrically isolated from the stack. Specific cells within a stack can be electrically isolated to vary power, balance the circuit, remove damaged cells, and provide rest to the cells to extend the lifetime usage of the cells.

Abstract: A modular die cast enclosure comprising a top section with a top mid-plane and a bottom section with a bottom mid-plane and an internal bottom cover. The bottom section having one or more of a first type of connectors. The top section having one or more of a second type of connectors on. The internal bottom cover having one or more of a third type of connectors. Wherein said first type of connectors couple with said second type of connectors when the top section is placed on the bottom section and allow to electrically connect said top and bottom sections via said third type of connectors.

Abstract: A modular die cast enclosure comprising a top section with a top mid-plane and a bottom section with a bottom mid-plane and an internal bottom cover. The bottom section having one or more of a first type of connectors. The top section having one or more of a second type of connectors on. The internal bottom cover having one or more of a third type of connectors. Wherein said first type of connectors couple with said second type of connectors when the top section is placed on the bottom section and allow to electrically connect said top and bottom sections via said third type of connectors.

Abstract: A modular die cast enclosure comprising a top section with a top mid-plane and a bottom section with a bottom mid-plane and an internal bottom cover. The bottom section having one or more of a first type of connectors. The top section having one or more of a second type of connectors on. The internal bottom cover having one or more of a third type of connectors. Wherein said first type of connectors couple with said second type of connectors when the top section is placed on the bottom section and allow to electrically connect said top and bottom sections via said third type of connectors.

Abstract: Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are becoming more common, such as in cars and other vehicles. Unreliable BLDC motors or control systems can lead to risk of people's safety. A redundant BLDC control system is provided to control two or more BLDC motors. A safety module controls an enabling switch in each of the motor drivers, so that in response to detecting a fault condition, a currently active BLDC motor is disabled and a redundant BLDC motor is enabled. A digital processor computes and transmits digital signals to all the motor drivers continuously and simultaneously, so that the transition from a currently active BLDC motor to a redundant BLDC motor is smooth and almost unnoticeable.

Abstract: Reliability and responsiveness in vehicles are becoming more important as semi-automation and automation are becoming more prevalent. A redundant data network system is provided within a vehicle and includes a first node connected to a first sensor and a second node connected to a second sensor. A first data cable is connected between the first node and the second node, a second data cable is connected between the first node and an electronic control unit (ECU), and a third data cable connected between the second node and the ECU. Data from the first sensor and the second sensor is transmitted across the Ethernet network to reach the ECU. Data from these sensors is also compared and processed locally to improve reliability and to reduce processing load on the ECU.

Abstract: Reliability and responsiveness in vehicles are becoming more important as semi-automation and automation are becoming more prevalent. A redundant Ethernet network system is provided within a vehicle and includes a first node connected to a first sensor and a second node connected to a second sensor. A first Ethernet cable is connected between the first node and the second node, a second Ethernet cable is connected between the first node and an electronic control unit (ECU), and a third Ethernet cable connected between the second node and the ECU. Data from the first sensor and the second sensor is transmitted across the Ethernet network to reach the ECU. Data from these sensors is also compared and processed locally at the first node and the second node to improve reliability and to reduce processing load on the ECU.

Abstract: Reliability and responsiveness in vehicles are becoming more important as semi-automation and automation are becoming more prevalent. A redundant Ethernet network system is provided within a vehicle and includes a first node connected to a first sensor and a second node connected to a second sensor. A first Ethernet cable is connected between the first node and the second node, a second Ethernet cable is connected between the first node and an electronic control unit (ECU), and a third Ethernet cable connected between the second node and the ECU. Data from the first sensor and the second sensor is transmitted across the Ethernet network to reach the ECU. Data from these sensors is also compared and processed locally at the first node and the second node to improve reliability and to reduce processing load on the ECU.