Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for authorizations in a virtual computing infrastructure using a federation token service. The techniques may include receiving a request for a launch plan from a user for launching instances in a plurality of sites, determining object permissions required for actions to be performed to launch one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites, contacting an authorization caching service to obtain authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, receiving the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions, and forwarding the request to each site of the plurality of sites with an authentication token and the authorization tokens for each of the determined object permissions required for the actions to be performed to launch the one or more of the instances at each site of the plurality of sites.

Abstract: Methods and systems of managing computer resources in a cloud environment. Receiving, via at least one server, cloud management instructions via an API, coordinating, via the at least one server, with at least one cloud services manager via a distributed coordination and messaging service. The coordination includes instructions regarding the cloud services manager managing at least one cloud resource, and communicating with at least one database to store and retrieve the management instructions.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Multiple clients can be enabled to perform operations relative to data items in a shard system asynchronously to each other without the use by those clients of exclusive locks. A rebalancing event, in which data items are redistributed automatically among a set of shards due to a modification of the quantity of shards in the system, can be performed without the use of exclusive locks by clients. Clients can continue to perform operations relative to at least some of the data items in the shard system even while rebalancing processes are redistributing at least some of the data items asynchronously during a system-wide rebalancing event. All of these benefits can be obtained without sacrificing data consistency within the shard system.

Abstract: Methods and systems of managing computer resources in a cloud environment. Receiving, via at least one server, cloud management instructions via an API, coordinating, via the at least one server, with at least one cloud services manager via a distributed coordination and messaging service. The coordination includes instructions regarding the cloud services manager managing at least one cloud resource, and communicating with at least one database to store and retrieve the management instructions.

Abstract: Access to resources in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. A group of users is defined within the cloud computing environment. A first name is assigned to the group. At least one subgroup of users is defined from within the group. A second name is assigned to the at least one subgroup. The second name follows a hierarchical naming structure of the form/group/subgroup.

Abstract: Billing usage of a cloud computing environment is described. Usage is metered of one or more resources within the cloud computing environment by one or more users. The one or more users may be associated with at least one entity. The metered usage of one or more cloud resources is converted to a revenue-generating value. The revenue-generating value is billed to the at least one entity associated with the one or more users. Revenue is collected from the at least one entity for the metered usage of one or more cloud resources. The collected revenue is shared with a plurality of parties.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: Organizing data in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. An authorization to service a request is received. The request may be from a user for launching an instance. In response to receiving the authorization and based on the request, an image list is determined. The image list includes information corresponding to a plurality of machine images. At least one machine image is identified from the image list associated with a functional requirement of the request. The instance is launched at the at least one computing node. The at least one machine image is updated after the instance has been launched.

Abstract: An action is performed on an object in a cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes. A policy path is determined from at least one permission within a policy of a customer. A first delegation path is determined from within the determined policy path. The first delegation path is directed to at least one object permission for the object upon which the action is to be performed. An authorized user is assigned from a second delegation path from within the determined policy path. The second delegation path is directed to at least one user permission for the action to be performed.

Abstract: An authorizing entity is allowed to grant permission to a subject to perform an action on an object in a cloud computing environment. An authorizer is defined as the entity having granting authority to delegate a predetermined permission. A subject is defined as a group to whom the permission is being delegated. An object is defined upon which an action is authorized within the cloud computing environment. The action being authorized in the cloud computing environment is defined. Members of the subject group are authorized to perform the permitted action on the object.

Abstract: A cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. The plurality of computing nodes may be organized into a plurality of clusters, each of the plurality of clusters including a cluster controller. A virtual computing environment is created on each of the plurality of computing nodes. Communication with the virtual computing environment is enabled. An authorization to service a launch plan is received from a user. The launch plan includes at least one instance to launch. Bandwidth information is requested from each of the cluster controllers of the plurality of clusters. A score is computed for each of the plurality of clusters that responded to the requested bandwidth information. The launch plan is assigned to a cluster from the plurality of clusters based on the computed scores.

Abstract: A cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. A seed device is connected to a network. From the seed device, a launching of a cloud computing management configuration is initiated. The seed device includes a repository of software. From the seed device, software is installed on one of the plurality of computing nodes to run a cloud computing management system. The software is loaded from one of the plurality of computing nodes onto each of the plurality of nodes. A computing node is selected from the plurality of computing nodes, to designate as a master node. Operations of the cloud computing management system is controlled from the master node.

Abstract: Launching an instance in cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. At a user's home cloud system, a request is received from the user to launch an instance of an object. At the home cloud system, a designated remote cloud system is determined from a federated plurality of remote cloud systems based on the request. The request is translated into a format suitable for the designated remote cloud system. The translated request is communicated to the designated remote cloud system. The instance of the object is launched at the designated remote cloud.

Abstract: A cloud computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes is described. Upon receiving authorization, a plurality of virtual machines may be communicated to provide at least one virtual network to service to the plurality virtual machines. Each of the plurality of virtual machines communicates with a virtual network layer at a virtual interface via at least one virtual Ethernet (vEthernet), An IP gateway to a network is provided to the plurality of virtual machines. Communications between the fP gateway and the network are facilitated. Communications between a network control layer and at least one network are routed.