Abstract: A lubricating oil composition including a major amount of a base oil, one or more calcium-containing detergents to provide at least 1000 ppmw of calcium, and one or more silicon-containing compound(s) to provide at least 50 ppmw of silicon to the lubricating oil composition, all based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein a ratio of ppmw of silicon provided by the one or more silicon-containing compound(s) to the lubricating oil composition to the ppmw of calcium provided by the one or more calcium-containing detergent(s) to the lubricating oil composition is from 0.02 to 1. Methods of using these compositions and silicon-containing detergents are also described.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition including a major amount of a base oil, one or more calcium-containing detergents to provide at least 1000 ppmw of calcium, and one or more silicon-containing compound(s) to provide at least 50 ppmw of silicon to the lubricating oil composition, all based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein a ratio of ppmw of silicon provided by the one or more silicon-containing compound(s) to the lubricating oil composition to the ppmw of calcium provided by the one or more calcium-containing detergent(s) to the lubricating oil composition is from 0.02 to 1. Methods of using these compositions and silicon-containing detergents are also described.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: Efficient heterogeneous catalysts were prepared by derivatization and palladation of commercially available chloromethylated polystyrene, and derivatization and palladation of functionalized silica gels with benzylchloride pendant groups. Both polymer based and silica based heterogeneous catalysts exhibited catalytic activity. Catalytic activity was studied using methanolysis of commercially available P?S pesticides. Catalytic activity of catalysts immobilized on silica gel was greater than catalyst immobilized on polymer.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.

Abstract: Methods and kits for decomposing organophosphorus compounds in non-aqueous media at ambient conditions are described. Insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents can be quickly decomposed to non-toxic products. The method comprises combining the organophosphorus compound with a non-aqueous solution, preferably an alcohol, comprising metal ions and at least a trace amount of alkoxide ions. In a first preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a lanthanum ion. In a second preferred embodiment, the metal ion is a transition metal.