Abstract: In the course of welding an electron welding beam is regularly deflected by means of linearly growing pulses to an electrons pickup arranged as a Faraday beam trap. As the electron beam travels in the course of deflection, it crosses the slit in the Faraday beam trap, and a signal proportional to the diameter of a heating point emerges across the trap. Depending on variations in said signal respective to a preset value, the focusing of the electron beam is also varied. The automatic device for stabilizing the heating point diameter has an electrons pickup with a resistor across its output, said pickup being connected, via a converter, to a comparison circuit also coupled with a backup signal setter. The output of the comparison circuit is connected to the focusing coil of the electron beam gun for varying the focusing coil of the electron beam. For deflecting the electron beam, there is a generator of saw-toothed pulses, connected to the deflector coil of the above electron gun.

Abstract: In the course of welding measurements are taken of the concentration of metallic vapor in the cloud of vapor over the welding zone, the diameter of the hot spot on the article being welded being kept constant. Said concentration serves as an indication of the depth of fusion. The metallic vapor concentration is measured with the aid of a device comprising an electron quantity transducer, for example, a beam trap, with an electric filter connected to its output, said electric filter separating electric waves of frequencies upwards of 200 Hz. The alternating component thus separated is converted into d-c voltage and compared to a reference signal in a comparison circuit, upon which the electron beam current of the gun is altered, depending on the value of the error signal of said comparison circuit. The depth of fusion is found by way of changing the value of the output signal of the rectifier.