Abstract: Method for discriminating defects present on a frontside of a transparent substrate from defects present on a backside of the substrate comprises disposing the substrate in an inspection system in which first and a second light beams intersect at a measurement spot on the frontside of the substrate. Relative movement of the substrate and measurement spot is controlled such that a reference plane is kept tangential to the measurement path. A first pattern is identified in a measurement signal, the first pattern corresponding to light scattered by a particle on the backside of the substrate and presenting two intensity peaks separated from each other by a determined separation interval corresponding to the time necessary for the defect to be moved over the distance separating two illumination spots on the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoactivable fluorescent dye compounds of formula I: wherein: n=0, 1, 2, 3; X is selected from O, CRR?, SiRR? and GeRR?, where R and R? represent independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl; Y is H, SO3H or SO3M, with M being a positively charged counterion, in particular selected from NH4+ and cations of organic ammonium compounds; R1 is H, CO2H, C(O)NH-linker-CO2H, C(O)O-ligand, C(O)NH-ligand or C(O)NH-linker-ligand; R2 may represent H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl (including cycloalkyl); R3 and R4 may represent independently H or F; R5 is H, Me, CO2H, C(O)NH-linker-CO2H, C(O)O-ligand, C(O)NH-ligand or C(O)NH-linker-ligand; wherein the ligand moiety at each occurrence represents a reactive group or tag, capable to form a covalent or non-covalent bond or molecular complex with a target chemical entity or substance. Methods of using the compounds in imaging of fixed and living cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoactivable fluorescent dye compounds of formula I: wherein: n=0, 1, 2, 3; X is selected from O, CRR?, SiRR? and GeRR?, where R and R? represent independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl; Y is H, SO3H or SO3M, with M being a positively charged counterion, in particular selected from NH4+ and cations of organic ammonium compounds; R1 is H, CO2H, C(O)NH-linker-CO2H, C(O)O-ligand, C(O)NH-ligand or C(O)NH-linker-ligand; R2 may represent H, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl (including cycloalkyl); R3 and R4 may represent independently H or F; R5 is H, Me, CO2H, C(O)NH-linker-CO2H, C(O)O-ligand, C(O)NH-ligand or C(O)NH-linker-ligand; wherein the ligand moiety at each occurrence represents a reactive group or tag, capable to form a covalent or non-covalent bond or molecular complex with a target chemical entity or substance. Methods of using the compounds in imaging of fixed and living cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cell-penetrating fluorescent dyes with secondary alcohol functionalities having one of the following general formulae I-III and 4: The invention also relates to the use of these compounds for optical microscopy and imaging techniques.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are disclosed: wherein X1, X2, X3, X4 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, OR1, SR1, NR1R2, COR1, COOR1, CONR1R2, PO3R1R2, SO2R1, SO3R1 or R3; R1 and R2 are, e.g., H, alkyl or aryl or optionally a ring; R3 is, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or cycloalkyl; Y is OR1, NR1R2, or NR1R3; Q is O, S, SO2, NR, C(R3)2, Si(R3)2, Ge(R3)2, P(?O)R3 or P(?O)OR3; Q and X1 can optionally form part of a ring; L and M are independently OR1, SR1, NR1R2 and R3; L and M can optionally form part of a ring; Z is O, S, NR1, CR1R3 or aryl; and Z and X4 can optionally form part of a ring.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are disclosed: wherein X1, X2, X3, X4 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, OR1, SR1, NR1R2, COR1, COOR1, CONR1R2, PO3R1R2, SO2R1, SO3R1 or R3; R1 and R2 are, e.g., H, alkyl or aryl or optionally a ring; R3 is, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or cycloalkyl; Y is OR1, NR1R2, or NR1R3; Q is O, S, SO2, NR, C(R3)2, Si(R3)2, Ge(R3)2, P(?O)R3 or P(?O)OR3; Q and X1 can optionally form part of a ring; L and M are independently OR1, SR1, NR1R2 and R3; L and M can optionally form part of a ring; Z is O, S, NR1, CR1R3 or aryl; and Z and X4 can optionally form part of a ring.