Abstract: An audio stream server (115) comprises a request processor (203) which receives an audiovisual stream request for an audiovisual stream from a communication unit (101). The request comprises a location indication for the audiovisual stream. A selection processor (205) selects a group of stream feed units (103) from a plurality of stream feed units in response to the location indication and a stream data processor (207) receives audiovisual streams from at least one stream feed unit of the group of stream feed units (103). A stream generation processor (209) then generates an audiovisual stream for the communication unit (101) from the received audiovisual stream and a stream transmit processor (211) transmits the generated audiovisual stream to the communication unit (101). The communication unit (101) and/or the stream feed units (103) may specifically be user equipments of a cellular communication system. The invention may allow an audio stream for a given real world location to be provided on request e.g.

Abstract: A mobile communication network comprises a home agent supporting mobility of a mobile entity by generating bindings between a home address of the mobile entity and a care of address of the mobile entity. A mapping processor provides at least one set of mappings between a potential future care of address for a mobile entity and a real time characteristic criterion. The mappings may for example be determined in response to previous movements of the mobile entity in the communication network. A processor determines a real time characteristic and the home agent is arranged to change a binding between the home address and a current care of address in response to the at least one set of mappings and the real time characteristic, and without receiving binding updates from the mobile entity. The approach may allow support for mobility of a mobile entity while reducing signalling in support of mobility.

Abstract: A method of validated communication The present invention provides a method of validated communication between a mobile network node (MNN) and a correspondent node (CN) via at least a first mobile router (MR). The method is characterized by employing an extended return routability checking procedure (XRRP) wherein an MNN test initiation (MNNTI) message is sent by the MR, and a MNN test (MNNT) message is sent by the CN. This adds to the security of requiring the home and care-of addresses being consistent as noted previously in standard RRPs, by enabling the generation of binding update validation keys based on receipt on any or all of the three HoT, CoT and MNNT test messages. The method is further characterized by sending from the MR an extended binding update (XBU), comprising the MNN's address (MNNA). By extending the binding update to include the MNNA in this manner, validated CN/MNN route optimization can be achieved.

Abstract: Communication between a private network (1) and a roaming mobile terminal (4), the private network (1) including a home agent (5) for the mobile terminal and a gateway (2, 3) through which, the communication passes and which-provides security protection for the private network (1). The protocols of the communication Including security association bundles each include a security association between the mobile terminal (4) and the gateway (2, 3) for inbound communication and another security association for outbound communication. In response to a handover of communication causing an IP address. (MN Co @) of the mobile terminal (4), to change to a new IP address (MN: New Co @), the mobile terminal updates its inbound security association from the, gateway (2, 3) so that it can receive packets sent to it with the new IP address (MN New Co @) as destination.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for building a linked binding cache. The method includes storing mobile router entries in a binding cache. The mobile router entries include a first mobile router entry having a prefix and an indication of the prefix's length along with an associated intermediate address. The method also includes linking a second mobile router entry to the first mobile router entry for delivering at least one data packet via the first mobile router. The method further includes adding a pointer in the binding cache from the entry of the second mobile router to the first mobile router entry when the intermediate address of the second mobile router matches the first mobile router's prefix in order to create a linked binding cache.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data packet on a communication path from a first communication node (CN1, CN2) to a second communication node (LFN1, LFN2) in a mobile network (115). The method includes receiving a route message (1010, 1020) from the second communication node, wherein the route message includes a list of intermediary addresses ({MR1-COA}, {MR1-COA, MR2-COA}) between the first communication node and the second communication node. A preferred communication path is generated in response to the list of intermediary addresses; and at least one data packet is transmitted from the first communication node to the second communication node via this preferred communication path. In this matter, an optimized data path is determined in order to send at least one data packet to an intended recipient (LFN1, LFN2), for example in a nested mobile network scenario.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for establishing internet protocol (IP) communication with a node in an aggregation of one or more mobile networks each having a name server. The method includes multicasting (105) at least one message to the mobile networks indicating a name resolution of at least one mobile network in the aggregation, and determining (110) an IP address of the node from the name resolution(s) indicated by the multicasted message(s). The name resolution is based on a domain name of the name server of a corresponding mobile network in the aggregation.

Abstract: A method of inter-area rekeying of encryption keys in secure mobile muiticast communications, in which a Domain Group Controller Key Server (Domain GCKS) distributes Traffic Encryption Keys (TEK) to a plurality of local Group Controller Key Servers (local GCKS), and said local Group Controller Key Servers forward said Traffic Encryption Keys, encrypted using Key Encryption Keys (KEKi, KEKj) that are specific to the respective local Group Controller Key Server (local GCKSi, GCKSj), to group members, said local Group Controller Key Servers (GCKSi, GCKSj) constituting Extra Key Owner Lists (EKOLi, EKOLj) for group key management areas (areai, areaj) that distinguish group members (MMi, MMj) possessing Key Encryption Keys (KEKi, KEKj) and situated in the corresponding group key management area (areai, areaj) from group members (MMij) possessing Key Encryption Keys (KEKi) that were situated in the corresponding group key management area (areai) but are visiting another area (areaj).

Abstract: A method for enabling autonomous mode routing between mobile devices in a plurality of nested mobile networks, the method including the steps of: discovering (305) at least one neighboring mobile device; exchanging (310) routing information with the at least one neighboring mobile device using a plurality of unicast messages; populating (315) an autonomous mode routing table (AMRT) using the routing information, wherein the AMRT includes an entry corresponding to each mobile network in the plurality of nested mobile networks; and forming (320) a connection with the at least one neighboring mobile device for enabling autonomous mode routing with the at least one neighboring mobile device.

Abstract: Communication between a private network (1) and a roaming mobile terminal (4), the private network (1) including a home agent (5) for the mobile terminal and a gateway (2, 3) through which, the communication passes and which-provides security protection for the private network (1). The protocols of the communication include a security association between the mobile terminal (4) and the gateway (2, 3) for inbound communication and another security association for outbound communication. In response to a handover of communication causing an IP address. (MN Co @) of the mobile terminal (4), to change to a new IP address (MN: New Co @), the mobile terminal updates its inbound security association from the, gateway (2, 3) so that it can receive packets sent to it with the new IP address (MN New Co @) as destination.

Abstract: A method of validated communication The present invention provides a method of validated communication between a mobile network node (MNN) and a correspondent node (CN) via at least a first mobile router (MR). The method is characterised by employing an.extended return routability checking procedure (XRRP) wherein an MNN test initiation (MNNTI) message is sent by the MR, and a MNN test (MNNT) message is sent by the CN. This adds to the security of requiring the home and care-of addresses being consistent as noted previously in standard RRPs, by enabling the generation of binding update validation keys based on receipt on any or all of the three HoT, CoT and MNNT test messages. The method is further characterised by sending from the MR an extended binding update (XBU), comprising the MNN's address (MNNA). By extending the binding update to include the MNNA in this manner, validated CN/MNN route optimisation can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data packet on a communication path from a first communication node (CN1, CN2) to a second communication node (LFN1, LFN2) in a mobile network (115). The method includes receiving a route message (1010, 1020) from the second communication node, wherein the route message includes a list of intermediary addresses ({MR1-COA}, {MR1-COA, MR2-COA}) between the first communication node and the second communication node. A preferred communication path is generated in response to the list of intermediary addresses; and at least one data packet is transmitted from the first communication node to the second communication node via this preferred communication path. In this matter, an optimised data path is determined in order to send at least one data packet to an intended receipient (LFN1, LFN2), for example in a nested mobile network scenario.

Abstract: A method of transmitting at least one data packet from a communication node in a data communication network. The method includes receiving (920) a request at a communication node, to transmit at least one data packet to a first destination address and searching (930) for the (first) destination address in a cache of the communication node. A determination (960) of an intermediary address of the destination address is made. The destination address is then replaced with the intermediary address and the steps of searching, determining and replacing are repeated, until no new intermediary address is found. The at least one data packet is then transmit (970) to the destination address via the identified intermediary address(es). A communication unit (corresponding node) communication message and method for building a linked binding cache are also described.