Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for defoaming crude oil by the addition of copolymers based on silicone free alkyl acrylics defoamers for crude oils with densities between 10 and 40° API. The alkyl acrylic copolymers at conditions similar to those of gas-liquid separators are efficient foam formation inhibitors in heavy and super-heavy crude oils to reduce foam levels between 15 and 50% faster than non-dosed crude oil. Some acrylic copolymers exhibited a greater efficiency as defoamers than commercial silicones, which promote the defoaming only 20 or 25 vol % faster than the natural foam collapse. Silicones as defoamers present serious problems as the formation of deposits and the deactivation of catalysts in the refining processes. These problems have originated a series of interdictions to use silicon based defoamers and new chemical compounds completely silicon free are required to control the foam levels in the gas/petroleum separation tanks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of ionic liquids individually or in formulation to dry and desalt crudes oils having API gravities in the range of 8 to 20 (median, heavy and extra-heavy) when applied at concentrations ranging from 500 and up to 5000 ppm. The ionic liquids have a cation consisting of quaternary ammonium, wherein the substituents R, R1 and R2 are independent radicals represented by alkyl chains including 2 to 8 carbon atoms; and anion selected from the group consisting of ethylsulfate, methylsulfate and chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application based on alkyl acrylate homopolymers, such as antifoaming agents in crude oils with densities of 10 to 40° API. Evaluation tests in “live” crude oil, under similar gas-liquid separation equipment conditions, showed that these polymers based on alkyl acrylate are effective foaming inhibitors in heavy and super-heavy crude oils, reducing the foam between 15 and 50% faster compared to crude oil without an antifoaming agent. Some acrylics show better performance than commercial silicon-based polymers, which suppress foam 20-25% faster than the blank. The antifoaming agents of this invention, based on alkyl acrylate and totally free of silicon, is an advantageous option, to replace the silicone-based foam inhibitors currently on the market.

Abstract: The present invention is related to formulations including one or more block copolymers with low polydispersity and bifunctionalized with amines, and an ionic liquid. A method of demulsifying, dehydrating, and desalting crude oils having API gravity ranging between 8 to 30 admixes the formulation with the crude oil in an amount effective to demulsify, dehydrate and/or desalt the crude oils.

Abstract: A chemical synthesis process is provided for the functionalization of monodispersed triblock copolymer (POEw-POPy-POEw) with secondary or tertiary amines at a semi-industrial level in glass reactors having a capacity between 1 L and 100 L. The process includes two stages where the first stage uses an alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl chloride to obtain better leaving groups, and the second stage is the nucleophilic substitution with secondary or tertiary amines, to obtain the bifunctionalized triblock copolymers. The main advantage for this process is to reduce the quantity of unitary process done in each stage, the optimization of reaction times, and the stoichiometric relationships.

Abstract: Compositions consisting of block copolymers ?,?-di-aryl or alkyl sulfonates of poly(ethylene oxide)w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)w of bis-ammonium and block copolymers ?,?-di-amine of poly(ethylene oxide)w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)w, are provided that are effective in the dewatering and desalting crude oils whose specific gravities are within the range of 14 to 20° API. A method of dewatering and desalting heavy crude oil adds a mixture of the copolymer bifunctionalized with an aliphatic or aromatic secondary amine and a copolymer bifunctionalized with an aliphatic or aromatic tertiary amine.

Abstract: The present invention is related to formulations consisting by block copolymers ?,?-di-aryl or alkyl sulfonates of poly(ethylene oxide)w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)w of bis-ammonium and block copolymers ?,?-di-amine of poly(ethylene oxide)w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)w, that are effective in the dewatering and desalting crude whose specific gravities are within the range of 14 to 23° API.

Abstract: The present invention is related to formulations including one or more block copolymers with low polydispersity and bifunctionalized with amines, and an ionic liquid. A method of demulsifying, dehydrating, and desalting crude oils having API gravity ranging between 8 to 30 admixes the formulation with the crude oil in an amount effective to demulsify, dehydrate and/or desalt the crude oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of ionic liquids individually or in formulation to dry and desalt crudes oils having API gravities in the range of 8 to 12 (median, heavy and extra-heavy) when applied at concentrations ranging from 500 and up to 5000 ppm. The ionic liquids have a cation selected from the group consisting of carboxymethane-ammonium, ammonium, imidazolium, isoquinolinium, pyridinium, and 1,5-dicarboxylic-pentane-2-ammonium and an anion selected from the group consisting of R5COO?, Cl?, Br?, [BF4]?, [PF6]?, [SbF6]?, [R6SO4]?, [OTs]31 , [OMs]?, where R5 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, benzyl, alkenyl, aromatic or alkyl functionalized between 1 and 18 carbon atoms, and R6 is methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: Dimerized branched olefins having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms obtained by controlled dimerization as of olefinics from having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms are blended with commercial fuel pools to increasing octane rank and decrease pollutant emissions.