Abstract: A catalyst comprising Pt—Co alloy, or Pt—Co—Sn alloy or Pt—ComOn mixed metal oxides is disclosed to be used as a catalyst for the direct electrochemical oxidation of glucose or other simple sugars and carbohydrates at room temperature. The catalyst can be supported on metal electrodes, graphite electrodes, porous carbon electrodes, or gas diffusion electrodes. An electrode containing this catalyst will be used as the key component in a direct glucose-air fuel cell operating in alkaline media with a good room temperature performance. This catalyst can also be applied as a key electrode material in a glucose sensor to detect glucose concentration in neutral or alkaline medium. The preparation method of the catalyst, optimum composition, and results of glucose sensor and glucose fuel cell applications are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising Pt—Co alloy, or Pt—Co—Sn alloy or Pt—ComOn mixed metal oxides is disclosed to be used as a catalyst for the direct electrochemical oxidation of glucose or other simple sugars and carbohydrates at room temperature. The catalyst can be supported on metal electrodes, graphite electrodes, porous carbon electrodes, or gas diffusion electrodes. An electrode containing this catalyst will be used as the key component in a direct glucose-air fuel cell operating in alkaline media with a good room temperature performance. This catalyst can also be applied as a key electrode material in a glucose sensor to detect glucose concentration in neutral or alkaline medium. The preparation method of the catalyst, optimum composition, and results of glucose sensor and glucose fuel cell applications are disclosed.

Abstract: A process provides for an electrochemical deposition by forming a solution of ions of at least one metal (A) capable of forming a hydrogen bronze and ions of at least one metal (B) from Group VIII of the periodic table, and causing electrochemical deposition from the solution onto a cathodic substrate.

Abstract: Metal substrates in corrosive environments, such as gas and oil pipelines, are normally prone to embrittlement caused by absorption of the hydrogen atoms cathodically evolved during various corrosion processes. This is substantially prevented by providing an active substance in the vicinity of the metal substrate, and in electrical contact therewith, the active substance being a sulphide or mixed sulphide of a metal of Group Vb, VIb or VIIb of the Periodic Table or of a rare earth metal, especially WS.sub.2 and MoS.sub.2. The active substance is preferably applied as or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, with an overcoating of, for example, a thermosetting resin, preferably being employed for mechanical and environmental protection.

Abstract: The invention relates to lithiated cobalto-cobaltic oxides, especially stoichiometric Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, which have been found to be remarkably efficient electrocatalysts, especially at relatively high total lithium contents of more than 2 atom percent, preferably from 5 to 12 atom percent. The electrocatalysts are especially suitable for oxygen evolution and reduction electrodes and have been found to exhibit long term stability over periods up to 6,000 hours. They are also useful in purely chemical processes such as those involving a decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or peroxyl ions.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell used to separate gas from a gaseous mixture by reduction of said gas at the cathode and regeneration of said gas at the anode is characterized in that one or more substances formed during the cathodic reduction and/or the anodic regeneration is chemically converted, preferably by catalytic decomposition, to produce further quantities of said gas, the gas formed by both the anodic regeneration and the chemical conversion being recovered as the product. In an especially preferred embodiment a plurality of said cells are used in apparatus for extracting oxygen from the air by using a cathode comprising high surface area graphite powder which reduces oxygen to produce peroxyl ions, each cell being further provided, externally of the cathode compartment, with means for catalytically decomposing the peroxyl ions produced, suitable catalysts being CoFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 or NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4.

Abstract: Metal substrates in corrosive environments such as gas and oil pipelines, are normally prone to embrittlement caused by absorption of the hydrogen which is cathodically evolved during various corrosion processes. This is substantially prevented by providing an active substance in the vicinity of the metal substrate, and in electrical contact therewith, the active substance being one on which cathodic hydrogen evolution occurs in preference to the metal, thereby reducing the amount of hydrogen available for diffusion into the substrate. The active substrate is preferably a sulphide, for example FeS, or mixed sulphide, for example NiCo.sub.2 S.sub.4, and is advantageously applied as a coating on the surface of the substrate, a further coating of, for example, a thermosetting resin, preferably being employed for mechanical and environmental protection.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell used to separate gas from a gaseous mixture by reduction of said gas at the cathode and regeneration of said gas at the anode is characterized in that one or more substances formed during the cathodic reduction and/or the anodic regeneration is chemically converted, preferably by catalytic decomposition, to produce further quantities of said gas, the gas formed by both the anodic regeneration and the chemical conversion being recovered as the product. In an especially preferred embodiment a plurality of said cells are used in apparatus for extracting oxygen from the air by using a cathode comprising high surface area graphite powder which reduces oxygen to produce peroxyl ions, each cell being further provided, externally of the cathode compartment, with means for catalytically decomposing the peroxyl ions produced, suitable catalysts being CoFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 or NiCo.sub.2 O.sub.4.

Abstract: In chlor-alkali cells, the cathode may consist of a nickel screen carrying 15.6 mg Co.sub.2 NiS.sub.4 bonded by 4.4 mg polytetrafluoroethylene per cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An electrode suitable for use in corrosion conditions is formed with its exposed surface composed of a substantially pore-free material consisting of an acid-resistant, semi-conducting oxide material in a fused glass. Titanium-doped ferric oxide semi-conducting material in a soda-glass or boro-silicate glass is preferred.