Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or formula (Ia) and a method of treating a patient suffering from certain inflammatory disorders, demyelinating disorders, FLT3-mediated disorders, CSF-1R-mediated disorders, cancers and leukemias, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Definitions for the variables are provided herein.

Abstract: A method of treating multidrug resistant cancers in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The values and preferred values for variables R1 and R2 are defined herein.

Abstract: A method of treating a FLT3-mediated condition in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (I), The conditions that can be treated by the compounds of the present invention and the definitions for the variables in formula (I) are provided herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a salt of amonafide or amonafide analogs represented Structural Formula (I): R1 is —(CH2)nN+HR3R4 X? or R1 is —(CH2)nN+HR3R4 X? or —(CH2)nNR3R4 when R2 is —N+HR6R7. R2 is —OR5, halogen, —NR6R7, —N+HR6R7 X?? sulphonic acid, nitro, —NR5COOR5, —NR5COR5 or —OCOR5; R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl group or, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; each R5 is independently —H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; R6 and R7 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl group or, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; n is an integer from 0-3; and X? is the carboxylate anion of an organic carboxylic acid compound. Also disclosed are methods of preparing certain compounds represented by Structural Formula (I).

Abstract: A therapeutic composition comprising an alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl ester of 2-ketoalkanoic acid and a component for inducing and stabilizing the enol resonance form of the ester at physiological pH values is disclosed. The composition of the invention further comprises a pharmceutically acceptable carier vehicle in which the enol resonance form of the ester is stabilized at physiological pH values. Formulations containing the compositions of the invention permit the successful use of 2-ketoalkanoic acid esters, e.g., pyruvic acid esters, to treat, e.g., ischemic events, shock, organ reanimation, resuscitation and other recognized pyruvate-effective treatments. The compositions of the inventions are also useful in a process for preserving organ parts, organs or limbs removed from a living mammal and in need of preservation, e.g., for later transplantation to an organ recipient.

Abstract: Disclosed is a salt of amonafide or amonafide analogs represented Structural Formula (I): 1

Abstract: Methods of measuring gastric emptying time comprising providing to a patient a meal comprising a breath test food additive substrate, wherein the substrate is a linear or cyclic acyl aminoacid peptidomimetic that includes a radioactive or non-radioactively labeled carbon atom; having the patient digest the meal so that the carbon labeled nutrients therein are absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized to labeled CO2; and, at periodic intervals, detecting the level of labeled CO2 in breath samples taken from the patient to determine the rate of gastric emptying are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a salt of amonafide or amonafide analogs represented Structural Formula (I): R1 is —(CH2)nN+HR3R4 X− or R1 is —(CH2)nN+HR3R4 X− or —(CH2)nNR3R4 when R2 is —N+HR6R7. R2 is —OR5, halogen, —NR6R7, —N+HR6R7 X− sulphonic acid, nitro, —NR5COOR5, —NR5COR5 or —OCOR5; R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl group or, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; each R5 is independently —H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; R6 and R7 are independently H, C1-C4 alkyl group or, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; n is an integer from 0-3; and X− is the carboxylate anion of an organic carboxylic acid compound. Also disclosed are methods of preparing certain compounds represented by Structural Formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a salt of amonafide or amonafide analogs represented Structural Formula (I): 1

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide in vivo analytical methods that allow for diagnosis and management of therapy for diseases involving discrete biochemical pathways. In the method of the invention, a labelled tracer probe, a specifically designed substrate of a “gateway” enzyme, an enzyme marking a regulatory point in a discrete biochemical pathway, is administered to a subject; a labelled product of the action of the enzyme is measured; and the appearance and concentration of the product are related to the disease condition of interest. Determination of the rate of substrate-product conversion of the gateway enzyme allows for the analysis to be made. The method involves administering a defined amount of a labelled “metaprobe” substrate of the gateway enzyme to a subject, at a site that provides access to a desired pool of the gateway enzyme in the subject, and measuring the amount of the chosen labelled product.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition comprising an alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl ester of 2-ketoalkanoic acid and a component for inducing and stabilizing the enol resonance form of the ester at physiological pH values is disclosed. The composition of the invention further comprises a pharmceutically acceptable carier vehicle in which the enol resonance form of the ester is stabilized at physiological pH values. Formulations containing the compositions of the invention permit the successful use of 2-ketoalkanoic acid esters, e.g., pyruvic acid esters, to treat, e.g., ischemic events, shock, organ reanimation, resuscitation and other recognized pyruvate-effective treatments. The compositions of the inventions are also useful in a process for preserving organ parts, organs or limbs removed from a living mammal and in need of preservation, e.g., for later transplantation to an organ recipient.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide in vivo analytical methods that allow for diagnosis and management of therapy for diseases involving discrete biochemical pathways. In the method of the invention, a labelled tracer probe, a specifically designed substrate of a “gateway” enzyme, an enzyme marking a regulatory point in a discrete biochemical pathway, is administered to a subject; a labelled product of the action of the enzyme is measured; and the appearance and concentration of the product are related to the disease condition of interest. Determination of the rate of substrate-product conversion of the gateway enzyme allows for the analysis to be made. The method involves administering a defined amount of a labelled “metaprobe” substrate of the gateway enzyme to a subject, at a site that provides access to a desired pool of the gateway enzyme in the subject, and measuring the amount of the chosen labelled product.

Abstract: A process for dehalogenating halogenated organic compounds comprising:(1) combining in an electrochemical cell(a)(i) a halogenated organic compound or (ii) a solid or fluid containing a halogenated organic compound with(b) a compound capable of forming an iminium ion having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may combine and form a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, andR.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or a halogen atom, and(2) applying an electrical voltage and an electrical current to an electrode of the electrochemical cell as a working electrode; which voltage is such that a reaction occurs and the halogenated organic compound is partially or completely dehalogenated.

Abstract: A process for dehalogenating halogenated organic compounds comprising:(1) combining in an electrochemical cell(a)(i) a halogenated organic compound or (ii) a solid or fluid containing a halogenated organic compound with(b) a compound capable of forming an iminium ion having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may combine and form a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, andR.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or a halogen atom, and(2) applying an electrical voltage and an electrical current to an electrode of the electrochemical cell as a working electrode; which voltage is such that a reaction occurs and the halogenated organic compound is partially or completely dehalogenated.

Abstract: Homotetra-alkyl substituted quaternary ammonium salts, or mixtures thereof which crystallize at 30.degree. C. or lower are included as an additive to the electrolyte of halogen cells. To maintain the salts as liquids, means for heating the additives to temperatures greater than 30.degree. C. are included in the cell. The additives form complexes with elemental chlorine, bromine, iodine, or mixtures thereof in the electrolyte which complexes comprise predominantly electrolyte insoluble liquids at temperatures in excess of 30.degree. C. The additives are characterized by rapid halogenation and dehalogenation while liquid; and thus, if maintained at temperatures in excess of 30.degree. C., are well suited for halogen storage in battery or fuel cell applications.

Abstract: Alkyl or haloalkyl substituted quaternary ammonium salts having a nitrogen cation symmetry number no greater than three, or mixtures thereof, are added to the electrolyte of otherwise conventional halogen cells. The compounds form complexes with elemental chlorine, bromine, iodine, or mixtures thereof in the electrolyte which complexes, comprise predominantly electrolyte-insoluble liquids at the temperatures at which the cells are normally run, are characterized by rapid halogenation and dehalogenation, and thus are well suited for halogen storage in battery or fuel cell applications. The shelf-life and capacity of electrochemical systems containing an additive of the invention are improved.

Abstract: Organic-aqueous two-phase electrolytes are disclosed in which the organic phase is capable of complexing halogen in cells and batteries of the type which utilize the electrochemical reaction X.sub.2 .revreaction.2X.sup.-, where X is Br, Cl, I or a combination of these halides. The organic phase of the two-phase electrolyte contains an organic halogen salt which provides both conductivity and the ability to complex halogens and prevent them from being dissolved in the aqueous phase of the electrolyte of the cell or battery in which they are used.

Abstract: Halogen complexing ethers are disclosed as an additive for use in complexing halogen in cells and batteries of the type which utilize the electrochemical reaction X.sub.2 .revreaction. 2X.sup.-, where X is Br, Cl, I or mixtures thereof. The ethers form insoluble oil-like complexes with the halogens which prevent the halogens from being dissolved in the electrolyte of the cell or battery in which they are used.

Abstract: Halogen complexing alcohols and nitriles are disclosed as additives for use in complexing halogens in cells and batteries of the type which utilize the electrochemical reaction X.sub.2 .revreaction.2X.sup.-, where X is Br, Cl, I, or a combination of these halides. The alcohols and nitriles form insoluble oil-like complexes with the halogens which prevent the halogens from being dissolved in the electrolyte of the cell or battery in which they are used.