Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of the formula IIb 1

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of the formula IIb  where R is C6-C30-alkyl or C6-C30-alkenyl, which may additionally have upto 5 hydroxyl groups, formyl groups, C1-C4-alkoxy groups, phenoxy groups or C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl groups as substituents and may be interrupted by upto 5 nonadjacent oxygen atoms, or alkoxylate groups of the formula —(CH2)k—O—(A1O)m—(A2O)n—Y where A1 and A2 are, independently of one another, 1,2-alkylene groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, Y is hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, phenyl or C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, and k is 1, 2 or 3, and m and n are each numbers from 0 to 50, and the total of m+n must be at least 4, by reacting iminodiacetonitrile with aldehydes of the formula R—CHO and HCN or alkali metal cyanides, the process being carried out a) in the absence of an organic solvent and in the presence of a Lewis or Brönsted acid, or b) in the presence or absence of an organic solvent and in the presence of an emulsifier, or c)

Abstract: A process for preparing vicinal diols or polyols from an organic reaction mixture containing formic esters of vicinal diols or polyols, in which water is added to the reaction mixture, without addition of bases, and the formic esters are hydrolyzed in a subsequent thermal treatment, the aqueous formic acid is removed, and vicinal diols or polyols remain behind.

Abstract: Use of mono- and bisoxime esters I where L1 is an oxime moiety of the formula  where R1 and R2 are hydrogen or organic radicals and Z1 are alkylene groups, L2 is a second oxime moiety L1 or an organic radical attached via an O or N atom, A is a chemical bond or a linker, and m is 0 or 1, as activators for inorganic peroxy compounds, in particular as cold bleach activators or optical brighteners in detergents, cleaners and bleaches and in disinfectants.

Abstract: Fatty acid derivatives based on epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters or triglycerides and reacted with amines such as hydroxy- and/or amino-substituted hydrophilic amines or amino acids and/or with alkanols or with water on the epoxy group and/or the carboxylic ester groups are described. These fatty amides are suitable as surfactants in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: Use of amines as bleaching efficiency boosters for textile detergent compositions, where the pK.sub.a of the amines is greater than the pH minus 1, preferably greater than the pH, particularly preferably at least 0.5 greater than the pH of the 1% by weight wash liquor obtained from the textile detergent composition.

Abstract: Fatty acid derivatives based on epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters or triglycerides and reacted with amines such as hydroxy- and/or amino-substituted hydrophilic amines or amino acids and/or with alkanols or with water on the epoxy group and/or the carboxylic ester groups are described. These fatty amides are suitable as surfactants in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an alkoxylated amide of the formula (I)R.sup.1 --CO--NR.sup.2 --CHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.4 --O--(CHR.sup.5 --CHR.sup.6 --O).sub.n --H (I)(1) glycerides of the fatty acids, specified later on, of the formula (II):R.sup.1 --COOH (II)are reached with amines of the formula (III)HNR.sup.2 R.sup.7 (III)to give amides of the formula (IV)R.sup.1 --CO--NR.sup.2 --R.sup.7 (IV)and glycerol,(2) then the glycerol which has been formed is separated off by adding of aqueous acid solution to the reaction mixture until it has a pH in the range 1-7, in order to bring about phase separation into a glycerol-containing aqueous phase and an organic phase containing amides of the formula (IV), and separating off the aqueous phase, and(3) subsequently the amide of the formula (IV) is reacted with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to give alkoxylated amides of the formula (I).

Abstract: Glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivatives and their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts are used as complexing agents for alkaline earth metal and heavy metal ions with the exception of .alpha.-alanine-N,N-diacetic acid as textile detergent builders in powder detergent formulations and as calcium sequestrants in oral hygiene products.

Abstract: Fatty acid derivatives based on epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters or triglycerides and reacted with amines such as hydroxy- and/or amino-substituted hydrophilic amines or amino acids and/or with alkanols or with water on the epoxy group and/or the carboxylic ester groups are described. These fatty amides are suitable as surfactants in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: Glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivatives and their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts are used as complexing agents for alkaline earth metal and heavy metal ions with the exception of .alpha.-alanine-N,N-diacetic acid as textile detergent builders in powder detergent formulations and as calcium sequestrants in oral hygiene products.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds IR.sup.1 --X--L (I)whereL is a cyclic carbamate residue, a lactonoxy residue or a lactam residue,X is an oxygen-containing group ##STR1## where A is a linker, and R.sup.1 is an organic radical or a group L,are used as activators for inorganic peroxy compounds, in particular as cold bleach activators or optical brighteners in detergents, cleaners and bleaches and in disinfectants.

Abstract: Salts of aromatic hydroxy compounds are used as brighteners in acidic electroplating baths. Furthermore, acidic electroplating baths for the electrolytic deposition of metallic layers onto shaped articles comprise, as brighteners, at least one novel salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound. Finally, shaped articles are electroplated by a process using the novel acidic electroplating baths.

Abstract: The use of triacids of the formula I ##STR1## where X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 are, independently of one another, carboxylic acid groups of the formula COOM, sulfonic acid groups of the formula SO.sub.3 M or phosphonic acid groups of the formula PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, whereM is hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium,A.sup.1 to A.sup.3 are, independently of one another, 1,2-alkylene with 2 to 18 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylene, andx, y and z are, independently of one another, a number from 0 to 10, where the total of x+y+z must be greater than or equal to 1,as complexing agents for complexing heavy metals or for preparing heavy metal complexes for changing the redox potential, and as builders in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: The process for preparing an N-acylaminocarboxylic or N-acylaminosulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof from an alkali metal aminocarboxylate or aminosulfonate and a carboxylic glyceride comprises(a) preparing a suspension of the solid anhydrous alkali metal aminocarboxylate or aminosulfonate in the carboxylic glyceride,(b) adding a strong base to the suspension to form an alkali metal N-acylaminocarboxylate or N-acylaminosulfonate, and(c) if desired, preparing the free N-acylaminocarboxylic or N-acylaminosulfonic acid therefrom in a conventional manner by adding an acid.

Abstract: N-acylamino carboxylic acids and N-acylamino sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts from the technical alkali metal salts of amino carboxylic acids and amino sulfonic acids, respectively, with an active content of 50-95% by weight, based on the solids content of the technical alkali metal salts, and from alkyl carboxylates, are prepared by(a) preparing a suspension of the solid anhydrous technical alkali metal salts of the amino carboxylic acids or amino sulfonic acids in the alkyl carboxylates,(b) reacting this suspension by adding more than 30 to 150 mol % of strong bases to give the alkali metal salts of the N-acylamino carboxylic acids or N-acylamino sulfonic acids, and(c) if required preparing therefrom the free N-acylamino carboxylic acids or N-acylamino sulfonic acids in a conventional way by adding acids.

Abstract: Glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivatives I ##STR1## where R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxylate groups, phenylalkyl, phenyl, a heterocyclic ring or a radical of the formula ##STR2## where A is an alkylene bridge or a chemical bond, and M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium in the appropriate stoichiometric amounts,are prepared by reactingA) corresponding 2-substituted glycines or 2-substituted glycinonitriles or doubled glycines of the formula ##STR3## or doubled glycinonitriles of the formula ##STR4## or precursors of the glycine derivatives named as starting material with formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide in aqueous medium at a pH of from 0 to 11 orB) iminodiacetonitrile or iminodiacetic acid with appropriate monoaldehydes of the formula R--CHO or dialdehydes of the formula OHC--A--CHO and hydrogen cyanide in aqueous medium at a pH of from 0 to 11and, where appropriate, subsequent hydrolysis of nitrile functionalities which are present, where

Abstract: Glycine-N, N-diacetic acid derivatives are prepared by reacting corresponding 2-substituted glycines, 2-substituted glycinonitriles, doubled glycines, or precursors of the glycine derivatives with formaldehyde and alkali metal cyanide. The reaction is conducted in an aqueous medium at a pH of 8 to 14. From 0, 5 to 30% of the amount of alkali metal cyanide required for the reaction are added to the glycine derivatives or precursors thereof Subsequently, the remaining amount of alkali metal cyanide and the formaldehyde are simultaneously metered in over a period of from 0.5 to 12 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of glycine-N,N-diacetic acid derivatives as their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts as complexing agents for alkaline earth and heavy metal ions, except with .alpha.-alanine-N,N-diacetic acid, as textile detergent builders in powdered detergent formulations and as calcium sequestering agents in oral hygiene products.

Abstract: The use of endgroup-capped fatty amide alkoxylates IR.sup.1 --CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--(AO).sub.x --R.sup.2(I)whereR.sup.1 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.21 -alkyl or -alkenyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,A is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene,n is 2 or 3, andx has a value from 1 to 6,as nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers in detergents, cleaners or body care compositions, as surface-active substances for industrial applications in electroplating, in the photographic industry, in petroleum production, in the pharmaceutical industry, in plant feeding and in crop protection formulations, and as surface-active substances in the production of emulsions and pigment and plastic dispersions.