Abstract: A combustion process and apparatus for a spark ignited air compressing internal combustion engine with direct injection of the major portion of the fuel onto the wall of the combustion chamber provided in the piston in the form of a body of revolution, according to which a rotary motion is imparted upon the inflowing air in such a way that the fuel is gradually released from the combustion chamber wall and mixed with the air in the form of vapors. The injection nozzle is positioned in the cylinder head near the combustion chamber throat while the ignition device extends into the combustion chamber at the top dead center position of the piston. The fuel is injected onto the combustion chamber wall by means of a jet from which individual small fuel particles are detached which are immediately mixed with the air on being emitted from the injection nozzle opening.

Abstract: Heat conducting shield member for cylinder heads of internal combustion engines having at least two gas change ports with valve seat rings at their combustion chamber end, with the valve bridge portion between the valve seat rings shielded by the shield member against the combustion chamber. The shield member is formed as a heat conducting shield which in the area of the valve bridge portion between the bridge and the cylinder head wall forms a hollow space and is in full contact with the cylinder head in the area of cylinder head wall members which can be readily cooled.

Abstract: A method of burning fuels ignited by applied-ignition in an air-compressing direct injection internal combustion engine according to which the fuel is, preferably in the form of a jet, sprayed onto the wall of the combustion chamber having the shape of a body of revolution with the major portion of the fuel being deposited in the form of a film to be gradually removed in the form of vapors by and mixed with the air admitted and performing a rotary motion. An ignition device provided at the upper dead center position of the piston projects into the combustion chamber in the vicinity of the injection nozzle opening arranged near the combustion chamber edge between the free fuel jet penetrating the combustion chamber on the one hand and the combustion chamber wall on the other hand. The pressure level in the high pressure section of the injection system and thus the rate of fuel injection into the cylinder is selected to lie between 0.7 and 1.3 per degree of crank angle times liter stroke volume.

Abstract: A fuel injector for internal combustion engines having an axially slidable nozzle needle capable of being lifted off its sealing seat by pressure of fuel against at least one spring and having a control pintle below the sealing seat sliding in a blind-hole recess is provided with the improvement comprising a cavity starting immediately below the sealing seat and formed as an eccentric widening extending parallel to the blind-hole type recess, said spray holes opening into said blind-hole type recess and the cross sectional areas of the nozzle seat gap and the cavity at each position of the needle nozzle are greater than the cross sectional area of the at least one spray hole uncovered at any time by the movement of the control pintle.