Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus having a gas distribution plate containing a plurality of tuyeres, which tuyeres provide a uniform gas flow from the gas chamber of the apparatus to the reactor chamber of the apparatus and prevents particulate matter of the fluidized bed from backsifting from the fluid bed chamber through the gas distribution plate to the gas chamber. The tuyeres are secured in openings in the gas distribution plate and comprise a porous plate and preferably a perforated plate superposed within a flanged two-component structure which two components are screwed together or otherwise secured together to form the tuyere.

Abstract: An improved fluidized bed reactor having a reactor shell and a reaction chamber within the shell, the reaction chamber having chamber walls and a chamber bottom portion, the improvement comprising at least one baffle disposed within the reaction chamber, the baffle comprising a pair of outer refractory walls, an inner refractory wall between and contiguous with the outer refractory walls, and a metallic reinforcement member embedded within the inner refractory wall, the inner and outer walls being attached to at least the chamber bottom portion.