Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode spaced away from the first sensing electrode such that an electrode gap is formed between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode upon which particulate matter is collected, thereby changing conductance between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode. An ionic conductive material is in electrical communication with the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode.

Abstract: A resistor-assembly includes a substrate, a heater, a resistor-element, and conductive-leads. The substrate is formed of a ceramic-material. The heater heats the resistor-assembly. The resistor-element is formed of an ion-conducting material that overlies the substrate. The conductive-leads are formed of a catalytic-metal that are in communication with a gas and in electrical contact with the resistor-element. The resistor-element is characterized by a resistance-value influenced by an oxygen-presence in the gas when the resistor-element is heated by the heater such that a resistor-temperature is greater than a temperature-threshold.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode spaced away from the first sensing electrode such that an electrode gap is formed between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode upon which particulate matter is collected, thereby changing conductance between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode. An ionic conductive material is in electrical communication with the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes an electrochemical cell having a solid electrolyte layer disposed between a sensing electrode and a reference electrode; a heater disposed in thermal communication with the electrochemical cell, the heater having a positive heater lead and a negative heater lead; a reference gas channel; a reference chamber in fluid communication with the reference electrode; a pump cell having a first pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference gas channel and also having a second pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference chamber. The first pump cell electrode has a pump cell first lead which forms a first electrical junction with either the positive heater lead and the negative heater lead and the second pump cell electrode has a pump cell second lead which forms a second electrical junction with the same heater lead as the pump cell first lead.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes an electrochemical cell having a solid electrolyte layer disposed between a sensing electrode and a reference electrode; a heater disposed in thermal communication with the electrochemical cell, the heater having a positive heater lead and a negative heater lead; a reference gas channel; a reference chamber in fluid communication with the reference electrode; a pump cell having a first pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference gas channel and also having a second pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference chamber. The first pump cell electrode has a pump cell first lead which forms a first electrical junction with either the positive heater lead and the negative heater lead and the second pump cell electrode has a pump cell second lead which forms a second electrical junction with the same heater lead as the pump cell first lead.

Abstract: A NO2 gas sensing element includes an electrolyte, a reference electrode in contact with the electrolyte, and a sensing electrode selective to NO2 in contact with the electrolyte spaced apart from the reference electrode. The NO2 selective sensing electrode includes an oxide material comprising: (1) a mixed oxide according to the formula (Mn2-u-v-wCovMgwSiO4-u)+?(Mn3Al2Si3O12)+?(SiO2), wherein 0?(u+v+w)?2.0, 0???0.5, and 0???0.1; (2) a mixed oxide according to the formula (Mn2-x-y-zCoyMgzSiO4-x)+?(ZnO)+?(SiO2), wherein 0?(u+v+w)?2.0, 0???0.5, and 0???0.1; or combinations of mixed oxides (1) and (2).

Abstract: A resistor-assembly includes a substrate, a heater, a resistor-element, and conductive-leads. The substrate is formed of a ceramic-material. The heater heats the resistor-assembly. The resistor-element is formed of an ion-conducting material that overlies the substrate. The conductive-leads are formed of a catalytic-metal that are in communication with a gas and in electrical contact with the resistor-element. The resistor-element is characterized by a resistance-value influenced by an oxygen-presence in the gas when the resistor-element is heated by the heater such that a resistor-temperature is greater than a temperature-threshold.