Abstract: A reciprocating pump is disclosed. The reciprocating pump may comprise a power end, and a fluid end operatively connected to the power end. The fluid end may include a plunger, a cylinder configured to operatively engage the plunger, and an end block. The plunger, the cylinder, and the end block of the fluid end may each be fabricated from a high toughness martensitic stainless steel composition comprising between 11.50% and 17.00% by weight chromium, between 3.50% and 6.00% by weight nickel, between 0.30% and 1.50% by weight molybdenum, between 0.01% and 0.20% by weight vanadium, and iron.

Abstract: A steel alloy composition is disclosed. The steel alloy composition may comprise 0.36% to 0.60% by weight carbon, 0.30% to 0.70% by weight manganese, between 0.001% to 0.017% by weight phosphorus, 0.15% to 0.60% by weight silicon, and 1.40% to 2.25% by weight nickel. The steel alloy composition may further comprise 0.85% to 1.60% by weight chromium, 0.70% to 1.10% by weight molybdenum, 0.010% to 0.030% by weight aluminum, 0.001% to 0.050% by weight zirconium, and a balance of iron.

Abstract: A mud pump with components manufactured from high strength and toughness steel is disclosed. The mud pump includes a power end and a fluid end. The power end includes a motor, crankshaft rotationally engaged with the motor and a connecting rod rotationally engaged with the crank shaft. The fluid end is operatively connected to the power end and includes a piston, a cylinder configured to operatively engage the plunger, and a drilling fluid module. The crankshaft, the connecting rod, the piston, and the cylinder may each be fabricated from a high strength and toughness steel composition having the following composition in weight percent: 0.25-0.55% carbon, 0.70-1.50% manganese, a maximum of 0.80% silicon, 1.40-2.00% chromium, 0.10-0.55% molybdenum, a maximum of 0.040% aluminum, a maximum of 0.025% phosphorous, a maximum of 0.20% sulfur, a balance of iron, and incidental impurities.

Abstract: A control system for a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process for a metal includes a direct current (DC) power source, a ram drive, voltage drip short sensor, and a controller, which includes a processor. The drip short sensor may be configured to measure a drip short frequency of the electric arc over a period of time. The controller is configured to determine a real time arc gap length between the electrode tip and the melt pool based on a correlation between the drip short frequency and arc gap length. The controller is further configured to control power input to the electrode by the DC power supply by determining an input power level to input to the electrode based on the real time arc gap length, the input power level configured to generate a desired arc gap length, by the DC power supply, at the input power level.

Abstract: An end block is disclosed. The end block may include a body extending between a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a top side and a bottom side. Furthermore, the body may include a first bore extending through the body between an inlet port and an outlet port and a cylinder bore extending between a cylinder port and the first bore. Moreover, the body may include a precipitation hardened martensitic stainless steel comprising between 0.08% and 0.18% by weight carbon, between 10.50% and 14.00% by weight chromium, between 0.65% and 1.15% by weight nickel, between 0.85% and 1.30% by weight copper, iron, and a first precipitate comprising the copper.

Abstract: This invention pertains to plastic injection mold tooling, and also large forgings, formed from a low carbon mold steel having markedly increased hardening and hardenability properties in large sections as contrasted to currently available commercial products. The above attributes are obtained together with equal or better machinability and improved mold parting line wear. When manufactured in conjunction with a double melt process, this invention can improve significantly polishing characteristics and other attributes of molded parts in tooling sets.

Abstract: A reciprocating pump is disclosed. The reciprocating pump may comprise a power end, and a fluid end operatively connected to the power end. The fluid end may include a plunger, a cylinder configured to operatively engage the plunger, and an end block. The plunger, the cylinder, and the end block of the fluid end may each be fabricated from a high toughness martensitic stainless steel composition comprising between 11.50% and 17.00% by weight chromium, between 3.50% and 6.00% by weight nickel, between 0.30% and 1.50% by weight molybdenum, between 0.01% and 0.20% by weight vanadium, and iron.

Abstract: This invention pertains to plastic injection mold tooling, and also large forgings, formed from a low carbon mold steel having markedly increased hardening and hardenability properties in large sections as contrasted to currently available commercial products. The above attributes are obtained together with equal or better machinability and improved mold parting line wear. When manufactured in conjunction with a double melt process, this invention can improve significantly polishing characteristics and other attributes of molded parts in tooling sets.

Abstract: In an electric arc furnace system for making steel, a method and structure (1) for eliminating teeming hang-ups and ensuring temperature homogeneity in a ladle which teems into an ingot mold by gas purging at all possible steps under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions, and (2) for preventing non-metallic inclusions from appearing in the final product by deflecting the granular material in the teeming ladle well block away from the ingot mold by a heat resistant but combustible deflector just prior to entry of the teeming stream into the ingot mold.

Abstract: A control system for a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process for a metal includes a direct current (DC) power source, a ram drive, voltage drip short sensor, and a controller, which includes a processor. The drip short sensor may be configured to measure a drip short frequency of the electric arc over a period of time. The controller is configured to determine a real time arc gap length between the electrode tip and the melt pool based on a correlation between the drip short frequency and arc gap length. The controller is further configured to control power input to the electrode by the DC power supply by determining an input power level to input to the electrode based on the real time arc gap length, the input power level configured to generate a desired arc gap length, by the DC power supply, at the input power level.

Abstract: An end block is disclosed. The end block may include a body extending between a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a top side and a bottom side. Furthermore, the body may include a first bore extending through the body between an inlet port and an outlet port and a cylinder bore extending between a cylinder port and the first bore. Moreover, the body may include a precipitation hardened martensitic stainless steel comprising between 0.08% and 0.18% by weight carbon, between 10.50% and 14.00% by weight chromium, between 0.65% and 1.15% by weight nickel, between 0.85% and 1.30% by weight copper, iron, and a first precipitate comprising the copper.

Abstract: In an electric arc furnace system for making steel, a method and structure (1) for eliminating teeming hang-ups and ensuring temperature homogeneity in a ladle which teems into an ingot mold by gas purging at all possible steps under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions, and (2) for preventing non-metallic inclusions from appearing in the final product by deflecting the granular material in the teeming ladle well block away from the ingot mold by a heat resistant but combustible deflector just prior to entry of the teeming stream into the ingot mold.

Abstract: In an electric arc furnace system for making steel, a method and structure (1) for eliminating teeming hang-ups and ensuring temperature homogeneity in a ladle which teems into an ingot mold by gas purging at all possible steps under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions, and (2) for preventing non-metallic inclusions from appearing in the final product by deflecting the granular material in the teeming ladle well block away from the ingot mold by a heat resistant but combustible deflector just prior to entry of the teeming stream into the ingot mold.

Abstract: A combined arc furnace, ladle metallurgical furnace and vacuum degassing system having the flexibility to produce at least non-vacuum arc remelt, vacuum arc remelt, vacuum oxygen decarburized non-vacuum arc remelt, and vacuum oxygen decarburized vacuum arc remelt steels from one off to continuous casting end uses in steady state or randomized order which utilizes only a minimum of energy attributable to preheating hot metal contacting components of the system followed by heat loss reduction of the components and use of a carryover heel in the arc furnace, in which the throughput of the system is limited solely by the melting capacity of the arc furnace.

Abstract: A combined arc furnace, ladle metallurgical furnace and vacuum degassing system having the flexibility to produce at least non-vacuum arc remelt, vacuum arc remelt, vacuum oxygen decarburized non-vacuum arc remelt, and vacuum oxygen decarburized vacuum arc remelt steels from one off to continuous casting end uses in steady state or randomized order which utilizes only a minimum of energy attributable to preheating hot metal contacting components of the system followed by heat loss reduction of the components and use of a carryover heel in the arc furnace, in which the throughput of the system is limited solely by the melting capacity of the arc furnace.

Abstract: Differential hardening apparatus for softening a portion only of a metal workpiece such as a die block consisting of apparatus for presenting a workpiece to a heat source which impinges heat directly on the workpiece and control means for causing the heat to be directed only long enough to soften only the portion which receives the heat so as to create a softened portion, such as the shank portion of a die block, and an unaffected hardened portion, such as the body portion of the die block.

Abstract: A method of heat treating tool steel by using a high intensity infrared heating source, said source being tungsten halogen heat lamps which operate in air, non-air and/or vacuum environments, and a tool steel heat treat system which includes a furnace containing said tungsten halogen lamp means, a lining of a reflective metal and, preferably, support structure for the tool steel workpieces which are composed of ceramic or other high melting point material.

Abstract: Apparatus for softening a selected portion of a steel object which comprises subjecting the selected portion to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to soften said portion but not sufficiently deep to soften the remainder of the part.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tempering the shank portion only of die blocks which comprises subjecting the shank portion of a die block or other large metal part to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to temper the shank portion but not sufficiently deep to temper the hardened working portion of the part.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tempering the shank portion only of die blocks which comprises subjecting the shank portion of a die block or other large metal part to electrical energy derived from induction heating or infrared heating to a controlled depth, preferably just sufficiently deep to temper the shank portion but not sufficiently deep to temper the hardened working portion of the part.