Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a first fluid at a first temperature that includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the first fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over the tubular conduit; circulating a second fluid at a second temperature from a bypass conduit that is fluidly coupled to the tubular conduit through the layer of insulation into the bore; based on circulating the second fluid into the bore, detecting a thermal gradient between the first fluid carried in the bore and the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: A nonmetallic pipe for transporting fluid as part of an underground nonmetallic pipeline is provided. The nonmetallic pipe includes: a nonmetallic outer wall for burying underground and contacting the ground; a nonmetallic inner wall for containing and transporting the fluid as part of the nonmetallic pipeline; a rigid interior between the inner and outer walls for counteracting the fluid forces on the inner wall and the ground forces on the outer wall; hollow core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBGFs) embedded in the rigid interior for detecting leakage of the fluid through the nonmetallic pipe, each HC-PBGF including a plastic fiber surrounding a hollow core; and a microchannel fabricated in the plastic fiber of each HC-PBGF to expose the hollow core to an outside of the HC-PBGF.

Abstract: A gas phase is flowed from a first GOSP through a first gas flow pathway to a second gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. The gas phase from the second gas flow pathway is flowed to a central gas plant at a second flow pressure greater than the first flow pressure. The second gas flow pathway receives a gas phase from a second GOSP. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using the gas phase flowed through the second gas flow pathway at the second flow pressure as a motive gas.

Abstract: Rejected gas recovery in gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs) is implemented. A gas phase is flowed from a GOSP to a central gas plant through a first gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. Gas from a gas reservoir is flowed through a second gas flow pathway at a second flow pressure. The first gas flow pathway is separate from the second gas flow pathway. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, which is fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using gas from the gas reservoir as a motive gas.

Abstract: A detection system includes a source of fluid and an optical channel in fluid communication with the source of fluid. The optical channel includes a wall structure, a microchannel extending axially through the wall structure to provide a flow path for the fluid, and a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port extending radially from the microchannel to an outer surface of the wall structure. The detection system further includes a laser source configured to emit laser light axially into the microchannel.

Abstract: A pipe segment for use in construction of a pipeline comprising a pipe body and a sensing nerve network that is embedded in or coupled to the pipe body and is configured to monitor a condition of the pipe segment in real-time. The sensing nerve network comprises plastic optical fiber (POF) nerves and a nanomaterial coating covering a span of the plastic optical fiber nerves, the coating having an approximately constant diameter and the nanomaterial having a property that changes in the presence of a targeted gas, enabling detection of the targeted gas along the length of the optical fiber nerves.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a first fluid at a first temperature that includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the first fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over the tubular conduit; circulating a second fluid at a second temperature from a bypass conduit that is fluidly coupled to the tubular conduit through the layer of insulation into the bore; based on circulating the second fluid into the bore, detecting a thermal gradient between the first fluid carried in the bore and the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: A gas phase is flowed from a first GOSP through a first gas flow pathway to a second gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. The gas phase from the second gas flow pathway is flowed to a central gas plant at a second flow pressure greater than the first flow pressure. The second gas flow pathway receives a gas phase from a second GOSP. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using the gas phase flowed through the second gas flow pathway at the second flow pressure as a motive gas.

Abstract: Rejected gas recovery in gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs) is implemented. A gas phase is flowed from a GOSP to a central gas plant through a first gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. Gas from a gas reservoir is flowed through a second gas flow pathway at a second flow pressure. The first gas flow pathway is separate from the second gas flow pathway. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, which is fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using gas from the gas reservoir as a motive gas.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a fluid at a steady-state temperature, where the pipeline includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over an exterior surface of the tubular conduit; changing the steady-state temperature of the fluid by applying a thermal contrast to the pipeline; based on changing the steady-state temperature, detecting a thermal gradient between the fluid carried in the bore and at least one of the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the exterior surface of the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: Rejected gas recovery in gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs) is implemented. A gas phase is flowed from a GOSP to a central gas plant through a first gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. Gas from a gas reservoir is flowed through a second gas flow pathway at a second flow pressure. The first gas flow pathway is separate from the second gas flow pathway. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, which is fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using gas from the gas reservoir as a motive gas.

Abstract: A gas phase is flowed from a first GOSP through a first gas flow pathway to a second gas flow pathway at a first flow pressure. The gas phase from the second gas flow pathway is flowed to a central gas plant at a second flow pressure greater than the first flow pressure. The second gas flow pathway receives a gas phase from a second GOSP. While flowing the gas phase through the first gas flow pathway, a decrease in the first flow pressure below a threshold flow pressure is determined. In response, a gas-gas ejector, fluidically coupled to the first gas flow pathway and the second gas flow pathway, is operated to drive a flow of the gas phase to the central gas plant using the gas phase flowed through the second gas flow pathway at the second flow pressure as a motive gas.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital circuit that digitizes an analog voltage. The analog-to-digital circuit includes plural comparators functionally connected to form a tree that has levels i, and each level i has branches j, and an encoder connected to the plural comparators and configured to generate a digitized value of an input analog voltage. Each comparator from a level i has first and second outputs, and each of the first and second outputs is electrically connected to an input of different comparators from a next level i+1 of the tree.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatuses, systems, kits, and methods, for detecting a virus contained within human breath or ambient air. The apparatus includes a housing comprising a base and a cover, the base having a sample collection surface, and the cover having a port and substantially enclosing the sample collection surface thereby defining a sample collection chamber. The apparatus includes a tube extending through the port and configured to receive a gaseous sample containing moisture and direct the gaseous sample to the sample collection surface. The apparatus includes a cooling device configured to cool the gaseous sample and thereby condense the moisture on the sample collection surface and a sample collection material disposed on the sample collection surface. The sample collection material is configured to absorb the condensed moisture.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a first fluid at a first temperature that includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the first fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over the tubular conduit; circulating a second fluid at a second temperature from a bypass conduit that is fluidly coupled to the tubular conduit through the layer of insulation into the bore; based on circulating the second fluid into the bore, detecting a thermal gradient between the first fluid carried in the bore and the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a thermal condition of a pipeline include identifying a pipeline that carries a fluid at a steady-state temperature, where the pipeline includes a tubular conduit that includes a bore that carries the fluid, and a layer of insulation installed over an exterior surface of the tubular conduit; changing the steady-state temperature of the fluid by applying a thermal contrast to the pipeline; based on changing the steady-state temperature, detecting a thermal gradient between the fluid carried in the bore and at least one of the tubular conduit or the layer of insulation at a particular location of the pipeline; and based on the detected thermal gradient, determining a presence of at least one of water or water vapor between the exterior surface of the tubular conduit and the layer of insulation at the particular location of the pipeline.

Abstract: The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method that includes receiving a collection of process parameters associated with disposal of water from a hydrocarbon extraction process, the collection of process parameters including a demulsifier flowrate, a hydrocarbon temperature, a first high pressure production trap (HPPT) interface level, a second HPPT interface level, a produced water rate, a dehydrator interface level, a desalter interface level, a tie line production rate, a water-oil separator oil level, and a water-in-oil separator water level, determining an oil-in-water (OIW) concentration in hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon extraction process using the collection of process parameters according to a first order linear regression model, comparing the determined OIW concentration to a threshold concentration, and adjusting at least one of the collection of process parameters associated with the hydrocarbon extraction process based on the comparing.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital circuit that digitizes an analog voltage. The analog-to-digital circuit includes plural comparators functionally connected to form a tree that has levels i, and each level i has branches j, and an encoder connected to the plural comparators and configured to generate a digitized value of an input analog voltage. Each comparator from a level i has first and second outputs, and each of the first and second outputs is electrically connected to an input of different comparators from a next level i+1 of the tree.

Abstract: An anomalous scenario synthesizer apparatus includes a rotatable shaft configured to be rotationally driven about a rotation axis, a data acquisition system operably associated with the rotatable shaft and configured to measure attributes of the rotatable shaft, and a dynamic anomaly generator operably connected to the rotatable shaft. The dynamic anomaly generator is configured to generate at least one anomaly in the rotatable shaft while the rotatable shaft is rotating, and is configured to generate at least one dynamic label for each anomaly while the rotatable shaft is rotating. The dynamic label for each anomaly includes at least one descriptor corresponding to the anomaly that describes the anomaly such that a machine learning method may utilize the descriptor for machine learning.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cleaning vehicle for cleaning a surface of an object includes first and second carriages (that define a frame). The vehicle also includes first and second wheels coupled to the first and second carriages to form a drive assembly and at least one motor is operatively coupled to at least one of the first and second wheels. A cleaning element extends between and is supported by the first and second carriages at a location forward of the first and second wheels. The vehicle also includes third and fourth wheels. The third wheel is adjustably mounted relative to the first wheel and the second traveler wheel is adjustably mounted relative to the second wheel. The third and fourth wheels are configured such that the object is received between the third and fourth wheels and the respective first and second carriages.