Abstract: Machines, Processes, compositions of matter, and articles that include at least one input acceptance machine and at least one track data presentation device. In addition to the foregoing, other aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and text.

Abstract: Machines, Processes, compositions of matter, and articles that include at least one input acceptance machine and at least one track data presentation device. In addition to the foregoing, other aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and text.

Abstract: Machines, Processes, compositions of matter, and articles that include at least one input acceptance machine and at least one track data presentation device. In addition to the foregoing, other aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and text.

Abstract: A method substantially as shown and described the detailed description and/or drawings and/or elsewhere herein. A device substantially as shown and described the detailed description and/or drawings and/or elsewhere herein.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for direct quantitation of total carbon and 14C/12C ratios in a single measurement using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). More specifically, measurement of both total carbon and 14C/12C ratio is performed in the same sample at the same time. The disclosed method provides improved sensitivity and accuracy for reliably calculating 14C-labeled compound concentrations in biological samples. There is also a reduction in measurement time, sample volume requirement and measurement cost compared to existing procedures.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for direct quantitation of total carbon and 14C/12C ratios in a single measurement using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). More specifically, measurement of both total carbon and 14C/12C ratio is performed in the same sample at the same time. The disclosed method provides improved sensitivity and accuracy for reliably calculating 14C-labeled compound concentrations in biological samples. There is also a reduction in measurement time, sample volume requirement and measurement cost compared to existing procedures.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for detection of DNA methylation at CpG sites using nucleic acid arrays and preferably microarrays. Specifically, there is disclosed a process for directly generating a reference sample from the sample to be tested and detecting methylation at large numbers of CpG island sites simultaneously.