Abstract: Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X-ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy.

Abstract: Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling emissions from industrial sources are provided. The system includes an industrial air treatment device that captures emissions from a stack, such as an industrial flare. The industrial air treatment device does not fully encompass or enclose the stack, but allows for ambient air flow with the emissions flow. The industrial air treatment device is separate from and not incorporated into the stack. The industrial air treatment device contains fans to draw in the emissions and air flow, and filters to treat the air flow. At least one of the filters can include a water dispersal system that captures and removes pollutants. The filters can include activated carbon, demister pads, and catalytic converters. The industrial air treatment device releases the treated air to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling emissions from industrial sources are provided. The system includes an industrial air treatment device that captures emissions from a stack, such as an industrial flare. The industrial air treatment device does not fully encompass or enclose the stack, but allows for ambient air flow with the emissions flow. The industrial air treatment device is separate from and not incorporated into the stack. The industrial air treatment device contains fans to draw in the emissions and air flow, and filters to treat the air flow. At least one of the filters can include a water dispersal system that captures and removes pollutants. The filters can include activated carbon, demister pads, and catalytic converters. The industrial air treatment device releases the treated air to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a facility for producing liquid helium from a source gas mixture substantially comprising nitrogen and helium. The facility includes a cryogenic purifier including a system for separating the nitrogen from the source gas mixture with a view to producing helium at a temperature lower than the temperature of the source gas. The facility also includes a helium liquefier that subjects the helium to a work cycle including, in series: compressing the helium, cooling and decompressing the compressed helium, and reheating the cooled, decompressed helium. The facility includes a helium transfer pipe connecting an outlet of the purifier to an inlet of the liquefier in order to transfer helium produced by the purifier into the work cycle of the liquefier. The facility is characterized in that the cryogenic purifier includes a decompression system that includes an inlet to be connected to a source of pressurized nitrogen gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a facility for producing liquid helium from a source gas mixture substantially comprising nitrogen and helium. The facility includes a cryogenic purifier including a system for separating the nitrogen from the source gas mixture with a view to producing helium at a temperature lower than the temperature of the source gas. The facility also includes a helium liquefier that subjects the helium to a work cycle including, in series: compressing the helium, cooling and decompressing the compressed helium, and reheating the cooled, decompressed helium. The facility includes a helium transfer pipe connecting an outlet of the purifier to an inlet of the liquefier in order to transfer helium produced by the purifier into the work cycle of the liquefier. The facility is characterized in that the cryogenic purifier includes a decompression system that includes an inlet to be connected to a source of pressurized nitrogen gas.

Abstract: An optical instrument for light incoming along a principal optical axis includes a glass block and a subsurface object within the glass block. The subsurface object includes an arrangement of object marks. Each object mark includes a plurality of scattering layers stacked against the principal optical axis of the incoming light. First and second scattering layers of the plurality of scattering layers have different polarization responses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting a feed stream consisting of reactive components and an optional feed diluent to a product stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons and C2-C3 olefins, wherein the reactive components comprise at least 90 vol % of an aliphatic ether selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether and ethyl tertiary butyl ether, the process comprising the step of contacting the feed stream with a catalyst composition comprising a zeolite catalyst, wherein the zeolite catalyst is a zeolite modified by Ga and an element M1 selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd and Cu.

Abstract: An optical instrument for light incoming along a principal optical axis includes a glass block and a subsurface object within the glass block. The subsurface object includes an arrangement of object marks. Each object mark includes a plurality of scattering layers stacked against the principal optical axis of the incoming light. First and second scattering layers of the plurality of scattering layers have different polarization responses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting a feed stream consisting of reactive components and an optional feed diluent to a product stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons and C2-C3 olefins, wherein the reactive components comprise at least 90 vol % of an aliphatic ether selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether and ethyl tertiary butyl ether, the process comprising the step of contacting the feed stream with a catalyst composition comprising a zeolite catalyst, wherein the zeolite catalyst is a zeolite modified by Ga and an element M1 selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd and Cu.

Abstract: An optical instrument for light incoming along a principal optical axis includes a glass block and a subsurface object within the glass block. The subsurface object includes an arrangement of object marks. Each object mark includes a plurality of scattering layers stacked against the principal optical axis of the incoming light. First and second scattering layers of the plurality of scattering layers have different polarization responses.

Abstract: A laser includes a gain stage and a pump stage. The gain stage includes a fiber link that terminates at a pair of ends and includes a doped fiber. The pump stage includes a glass volume, the glass volume having a pair of fiber interface ports at which the pair of ends of the fiber link are disposed, respectively, for attachment of the gain stage and the pump stage in a ring laser assembly. The pump stage includes a plurality of intrinsic waveguides defined in the glass volume and disposed along in-bulk propagation paths within the glass volume for light travel through the ring laser assembly.

Abstract: A fuel injector and a method for manufacturing a fuel injector are described. The fuel injector includes a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate. The nozzle includes at least one injection hole. The method of manufacturing a fuel injector includes defining a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: A method continuously monitors variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method includes passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method enables monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a fuel injector comprising a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate, wherein the nozzle comprises at least one injection hole is provided. The method of manufacturing the fuel injector comprises defining (105) a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching (110) the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and apparatus for continuously monitoring variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method comprises of passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method, system and apparatus of the present invention enable monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A fuel injector and a method for manufacturing a fuel injector are described. The fuel injector includes a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate. The nozzle includes at least one injection hole. The method of manufacturing a fuel injector includes defining a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method to monitor the condition of a fluid by measuring multiple optical properties of the fluid. The apparatus comprises of a body 105, at least one fluidic cavity 110 to capture a fluid sample, at least one light source 115 to emit an optical signal and at least one optical detector 120 to detect the optical signal. The fluid sample is collected continuously from a path of a fluid flow and multiple optical properties are measured in real time to determine the condition of the fluid. The apparatus is installed in-line with the path of the fluid flow in the system for which the fluid is being used and monitored. The apparatus avoids environmental contamination and wastage of the fluid sample by returning the fluid sample back into the fluid flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and apparatus for continuously monitoring variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method comprises of passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method, system and apparatus of the present invention enable monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A monolithic device for determining a translation, the monolithic device being fabricated from a single continuous piece of a glass substrate. The monolithic device comprises at least one frame, a moving platform linked to the at least one frame and an optical transducer. The at least one frame is fabricated from the glass substrate. The moving platform is fabricated from the glass substrate, wherein the moving platform is linked to the at least one frame via at least one elastic hinge. The at least one elastic hinge is also fabricated from the glass substrate. The optical transducer is imbedded into the moving platform and the at least one frame.