Abstract: A method for recovering oil from a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir using pressure pulse injections of an aqueous salt solution is provided. The aqueous salt solution includes one or more salts suitable for enhancing oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs and has a salinity in the range of about 5,000 parts-per-million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS) to about 7,000 ppm TDS. The aqueous salt solution may be injected into a reservoir using continuous or periodic pressure pulse injections.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition comprising I. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free monohydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and II. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free polyhydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and optionally III. at least one reaction product from III.a) formaldehyde, and III.b) an amine, selected from the group consisting of primary alkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and primary hydroxy alkyl amines having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and optionally IV. at least one solid suppression agent selected from the group consisting of IV(a). alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides IV(b). mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl amines, IV(c). mono-, di- or tri-alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl primary, secondary and tertiary amines or IV(d). multifunctional amines and IV(e). mixtures of compounds of groups IV(a) to IV(c). wherein alkyl is C1 to C15, aryl is C6 to C15 and alkylaryl is C7 to C15.

Abstract: A method for recovering oil from a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir using pressure pulse injections of an aqueous salt solution is provided. The aqueous salt solution includes one or more salts suitable for enhancing oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs and has a salinity in the range of about 5,000 parts-per-million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS) to about 7,000 ppm TDS. The aqueous salt solution may be injected into a reservoir using continuous or periodic pressure pulse injections.

Abstract: The fully adaptive fault location method is based on synchronized phasor measurements obtained by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The method utilizes only PMU synchronized measurements and does not require any data to be provided by the electric utility. Line parameters for each section of the line and Thevenin's equivalents (TEs) of the system at each of three terminals are determined online, utilizing three independent sets of pre-fault PMU measurements. This ensures that the actual operating conditions of the system are adequately considered. Simulation results show that the present method is capable of producing reliable and very accurate solutions.

Abstract: The adaptive phasor measurement unit (PMU)-based series-compensated line (SCL) fault location method uses three different sets of pre-fault voltage and current phasor measurements at both terminals of the SCL. The three sets of local PMU measurements at each terminal are used for online calculation of a respective Thevenin Equivalent (TE). This enables representation of the power system pre-fault network with a reduced two-terminal equivalent system. The PMU measurements are also utilized for online calculation of the SCL parameters. This non-iterative method does not need knowledge of a time elapsed for the wave propagation from a fault point to a sending end and a receiving end. Two subroutines SA and SB are used for locating faults. A selection procedure is applied for indicating the valid subroutine and, hence, the actual fault location.

Abstract: The adaptive fault location method for power system networks utilizes phasor measurement units (PMUs) disposed at disparate locations to obtain synchronized phasor measurements. Three different sets of pre-fault voltage and current phasor measurements are obtained at both terminals of the line under test. The three sets of local PMU measurements at each terminal are used for online calculation of a corresponding system's Thevenin equivalent (TE). This representation of the power system pre-fault network is a reduced two-terminal equivalent. Using the method of multiple measurements with linear regression (MMLR), the three sets of PMU measurements are also employed for online calculation of the transmission line parameters (series resistance, series reactance and shunt susceptance). Online determination of the TEs and line parameters can enhance fault location accuracy by avoiding possible mismatch with the actual parameters due to system loading and other environmental conditions.

Abstract: A substrate integrated waveguide (10) comprises a top conductive layer (14) and a bottom conductive layer (15) provided on either sides a substrate (11). At least one wall (12, 13) of conductive material is provided in the substrate (11) to define, together with the top and bottom layers (14, 15), the waveguide. The at least one wall (12, 13) comprise a multitude of thin conductive wires densely arranged close to each other in the substrate (11) and having respective short ends connected to the top and bottom layers (14, 15). The high number of wires per surface unit in the wall (12, 13) effectively prevent significant amount of power leakage through the wall (12, 13) during operation of the substrate integrated waveguide (10).

Abstract: The particle swarm optimization method for microgrids formulates a control problem as an optimization problem and PSO is used to search the solution space for optimal parameter settings in each mode. The procedure models optimal design of an LC filter, controller parameters and damping resistance in grid-connected mode. Moreover, the procedure optimizes controller parameters and power sharing coefficients in autonomous mode. The method uses particular nonlinear time-domain-based and eigenvalue-based objective functions to minimize the error in the measured power, and also to enhance the damping characteristics, respectively.

Abstract: The particle swarm optimization method for microgrids formulates a control problem as an optimization problem and PSO is used to search the solution space for optimal parameter settings in each mode. The procedure models optimal design of an LC filter, controller parameters and damping resistance in grid-connected mode. Moreover, the procedure optimizes controller parameters and power sharing coefficients in autonomous mode. The method uses particular nonlinear time-domain-based and eigenvalue-based objective functions to minimize the error in the measured power, and also to enhance the damping characteristics, respectively.

Abstract: A substrate integrated waveguide (10) comprises a top conductive layer (14) and a bottom conductive layer (15) provided on either sides a substrate (11). At least one wall (12, 13) of conductive material is provided in the substrate (11) to define, together with the top and bottom layers (14, 15), the waveguide. The at least one wall (12, 13) comprise a multitude of thin conductive wires densely arranged close to each other in the substrate (11) and having respective short ends connected to the top and bottom layers (14, 15). The high number of wires per surface unit in the wall (12, 13) effectively prevent significant amount of power leakage through the wall (12, 13) during operation of the substrate integrated waveguide (10).