Abstract: A DNA-structured linear actuator comprised of a ladder-like structure that twists to generate linear motion. In its base state, the DNA structured linear actuator best resembles a rope ladder. When this ladder is twisted, it takes on the appearance of a DNA double-helix structure. By application of a torsional force on one end, the ladder-like structure extends or contracts to allow linear translation of one end of the structure.

Abstract: A DNA-structured linear actuator comprised of a ladder-like structure that twists to generate linear motion. In its base state, the DNA structured linear actuator best resembles a rope ladder. When this ladder is twisted, it takes on the appearance of a DNA double-helix structure. By application of a torsional force on one end, the ladder-like structure extends or contracts to allow linear translation of one end of the structure.

Abstract: A design system includes a design engine for generating designs, an evaluation process for evaluating the generated designs based on human visual inspection and/or domain knowledge, and an optimization process for pruning based at least in part on the evaluation. Generation of additional designs is performed based on optimization. Newly-generated designs are then subjected to the same iterative steps. In one embodiment a simulator is also used to evaluate the generated designs, in part, with numerically designed specification. Subjective human evaluation is used fully or at least in part of an optimization process to obtain final designs. Human visual inspection and domain knowledge is used to evaluate and rate key designs at different points in the evolution of a design.